The Growth of<i>Streptococcus Mutans</i>in Different Milks for Infant Feeding

Duse, Marzia; Zicari, Anna Maria; Berlutti, Francesca; Ernesti, Ilaria; Occasi, Francesca; Leonardi, Lucia; Polimeni, Antonella

doi:10.1177/039463201402700119

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Breast milk is an important source of various bacteria that can be transmitted to the oral cavity of infants. The correlation between human breast milk and the increased or decreased growth of S. mutans in infants' saliva has been controversial for decades (38,(54)(55)(56). Most previous studies have focused on the outcomes and associations between breastfeeding and early childhood caries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of oral microbiome acquisition in healthy infants: A pilot study

Saraithong

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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ObjectivesThe human oral microbiota is one of the most complex bacterial communities in the human body. However, how newborns initially acquire these bacteria remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of oral microbial communities in healthy infants and investigated the influence of the maternal oral microbiota on the acquisition of the infant's oral microbiota. We hypothesized that the infant oral microbial diversity increases with age.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen whole-salivary samples were collected from 32 healthy infants and their biological mothers during postpartum and 9- and 15-month well-infant visits. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced by Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) methods. The Shannon index was used to measure the microbial diversity of the infant-mother dyads (alpha diversity). The microbial diversity between the mother-infant dyads (beta-diversity) was calculated using the weighted non-phylogenetic Bray-Curtis distance in QIIME 1.9.1. Core microbiome analysis was performed using MicrobiomeAnalyst software. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size analysis was used to identify differentially abundant features between mother and infant dyads.ResultsA total of 6,870,571 16S rRNA reads were generated from paired mother–infant saliva samples. Overall, oral microbial profiles significantly differed between the mother and infant groups (p < 0.001). The diversity of the salivary microbiomes in the infants increased in an age-dependent manner, whereas the core microbiome of the mothers remained relatively stable during the study period. Breastfeeding and gender did not affect the microbial diversity in infants. Moreover, infants had a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria than their mothers. The SparCC correlation analysis demonstrated constant changes in infants' oral microbial community network (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence that the oral cavities of infants are colonized by a distinct group of bacterial species at birth. The acquisition and diversity of changes in oral microbial composition are dynamic during the first year of an infant's life. Before reaching the second birthday, the composition of the oral microbial community could be more similar to that of their biological mothers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of oral microbiome acquisition in healthy infants: A pilot study

Saraithong

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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“…On the other hand, the carbohydrate source and the nutrient availability are reported to affect the antagonistic capacity of commensal or probiotic bacteria that are able to inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of S. mutans 15 , 16 . When abundant studies5, 6, 7 , 9 , 10 determine the effects of probiotic isolates against S. mutans , with few using dairy products, 17 , 18 it is difficult to evaluate whether sugars or other constituents in a product would compromise the inhibitory effect of the probiotic strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by a commercial yogurt drink

Mar

et al. 2019

Journal of Dental Sciences

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Background/Purpose Studies have been focused on using probiotics to prevent caries. The lactobacillus probiotic bacteria in Yakult ® (LcY) has been shown to inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans . However, sucrose in Yakult ® raised concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of Yakult ® on the growth and adhesion of S. mutans . Materials and methods S. mutans was grown in serial diluted Yakult ® , filtered Yakult ® or 20% heated Yakult ® . S. mutans was co-cultured with LcY in media with or without diluted filtered Yakult ® , or in LcY grown in media with or without sugars. Colony forming units and pH values of bacterial cultures were determined. SYTO 9-stained adhered bacteria were observed. Results Yakult ® inhibited the growth of S. mutans . Filtering or heating Yakult ® reduced its inhibitory ability against S. mutans . The inhibitory effect of LcY against S. mutans was enhanced when cultured in the presence of 20% filtered Yakult ® . LcY cultured in sucrose media for 24 h inhibited the growth of S. mutans , but this effect was less evident when LcY was grown for 48 h. LcY grown in glucose or lactose media similarly reduced S. mutans growth. Culturing S. mutans with LcY grown in sucrose or glucose media reduced bacterial adhesion. However, co-culturing S. mutans with LcY grown in the lactose media did not decrease bacterial adhesion. Conclusion Yakult ® and its probiotic content may inhibit S. mutans growth and the effect may be moderated by the type of sugar added for LcY cultivation.

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Comparative evaluation of human breast milk, bovine milk, and infant milk formula on cariogenicity in children: An in vivo study

Reddy,

Chowdary,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry

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Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the cariogenicity of human breast milk (HBM), bovine milk, and infant milk formulas. Patients and Methods: Ninety children of 1–4 years were randomly selected according to the type of milk they consume and were divided into five groups: Group I – HBM, Group II – cow milk, Group III – buffalo milk, Group IV – Lactogen 2, and Group V – Dexolac 4. Three parameters were assessed (salivary pH, plaque pH, and Streptococcus mutans count). Baseline salivary pH was measured, plaque sample was collected from children before feeding, and then, children were fed with milk. The second sample was collected after 45 min of feeding and the third sample after 3 h of second sample collection. Collected plaque samples were assessed for plaque pH and were sent to microbiological laboratory and cultured on blood agar. The intergroup comparison was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Intragroup comparison was done by one-way anova and Bonferroni test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No statistically significant difference in intra- and intergroup comparisons of salivary pH was noted. However, with regard to plaque pH, there is a statistically significant difference in the second sample in Groups III, IV, and V. There was an increase in colony-forming units of S. mutans in plaque samples from baseline to the third sample in Groups IV and V. Conclusion: Lactogen 2 and Dexolac 4 showed greater cariogenic activity, buffalo milk is mildly cariogenic, whereas HBM and cow milk showed least cariogenicity.

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The Growth ofStreptococcus Mutansin Different Milks for Infant Feeding

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Dynamics of oral microbiome acquisition in healthy infants: A pilot study

Dynamics of oral microbiome acquisition in healthy infants: A pilot study

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by a commercial yogurt drink

Comparative evaluation of human breast milk, bovine milk, and infant milk formula on cariogenicity in children: An in vivo study

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