The growth profile, thermotolerance and biofilm formation of Enterobacter sakazakii grown in infant formula milk

Iversen, Carol; Lane, M. Chelsea; Forsythe, Stephen

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01507.x

Cited by 297 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

199

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A higher resolution between C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus were obtained with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on seven genes. The strains of these two species were clearly phylogenetic distinct, supporting the organization of C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus in two distinct species 38 .…”

Section: Phylogenysupporting

confidence: 56%

Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii): An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen

Fakruddin¹,

Rahaman²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2013

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an emerging pathogen that causes necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and meningitis. This bacterium is opportunistic pathogen and is linked with life-threatening infections in neonates and elderly persons. It is considered as ubiquitous organism and can be found in a broad range of foods & food ingredients and in water, in a variety of areas, including hospitals and houses though outbreaks most commonly associated with the ingestion of contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods has ranked C. sakazakii a “severe hazard for restricted populations.” It poses high tolerance to environmental stresses such as osmotic stress, elevated temperature etc. and decontamination processes and has broad antibiotic resistance and resistance to bile salts and disinfectants. Cronobacter sakazakii may survive in macrophage cells and efficiently attach to and invade epithelial cell lines, produce exopolysaccharide, form biofilm and has active efflux pumps. Controlling the organism in the production environment, thereby reducing dissemination, necessitates the provision of suitable diagnostic tools. Appropriate measures by parents, food and infant formula manufacturers, and health care providers, as well as understanding of the pathogenesis, are important in the prevention of C. sakazakii-related infections.

show abstract

Section: Phylogenysupporting

confidence: 56%

Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii): An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen

Fakruddin¹,

Rahaman²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2013

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Colony morphology was compared with Cr. sakazakii strains NCTC 11467 T (non-capsulated) and ATCC 12868 (capsulated) as previously described by Iversen et al (2004).…”

Section: Bacterial Capsule Formation Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The doubling time was calculated from the growth response calibration curve as previously described (Silley & Forsythe 1996;Iversen et al 2004). …”

Section: Growth Rate Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biofilm formation on enteral feeding tubes by Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella serovars and other Enterobacteriaceae

Hurrell

Kucerova

Loughlin

et al. 2009

International Journal of Food Microbiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Minimum temperature (T min ) was determined at +5.5°C according to Nazarowec-White and Farber (1997a) and optimum (T opt ) and maximum (T max ) temperatures at +40°C and +46.8°C respectively according to Iversen, Lane and Forsythe (2004).…”

Section: Calculation Of Potential Enterobacter Sakazakii Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time–temperature profiles of infant milk formula in hospitals and analysis of Enterobacter sakazakii growth

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to assess the temperature conditions in neonatal care units for the preparation and storage of infant milk formula (IMF) and infant feeding using bottles and continuous feeding syringes. Enterobacter sakazakii in IMF for feeding infants has been chosen as the subject of this study because of the high risk incurred by IMF manufacture without total microbial destruction and the high sensitivity and mortality rates of this population group. From IMF preparation till neonate feeding, time-temperature profiles of IMF samples were monitored and analysed. In order to show the health impact of this data, potential E. sakazakii growth was calculated. As IMF can be also contaminated with Salmonella, potential Salmonella growth was also calculated. However potential Enterobacter sakazakii growth data were only analyzed because of Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella spp data being close.The study of 25 neonatal care units in 15 hospitals showed that the final potential growth for bottles depended on different parameters: initial water temperature, room temperature where IMF was prepared, cold storage temperature and time, reheating temperature and time. One parameter was not usually enough to determine the final growth increment alone and a well controlled and high performance stage could result in an incorrect food safety indication if the other stages are less effective. On the other hand, the final potential growth for the continuous feeding syringes depended mainly on the feeding period since the IMF was kept in a particularly high ambient air temperature ( 25°C) in the infant's bedroom. This stage would be controlled first (with a cold syringe cover for example); then, as for bottles, the other stages would be controlled to result in a correct food safety indication. Keywords: Risk factors; Predictive microbiology; infant milk formula, Enterobacter sakazakii IntroductionEnterobacter sakazakii in infant milk formula (IMF) has been implicated in infant infections, especially among high-risk infants who are premature, have a low birth weight or are immunocompromised. The overall incidence of disease due to Enterobacter sakazakii is relatively low, with about 50 cases among 60 days old infants reported worldwide over the last 40 years (Iversen, Forsythe, 2003;Lehner, Stephan, 2004). Data on these infants indicated most of them were pre-terme, below 37 weeks gestation, and had a low birth-weight, below 2500 g, or peripartum complications (Lai, 2001). Mortality rates of 40 to 80% (Nazarowec-White, Farber, 1997a;Edelson-Mammel, Buchanan, 2004) have been reported. Survivors often suffer from serious brain damage such as hydrocephalus, quadriplegia and late neural development. Up until now, due to the limited information available on E. sakazakii exposure, the dose-response curve, probably with a linear relationship (Lehner, Stephan, 2004) Provided by manufacturers, these products are ready-to-use in liquid or powder forms. While all liquid forms are sterile, the microbial (mainly Enterobacter s...

show abstract

The growth profile, thermotolerance and biofilm formation of Enterobacter sakazakii grown in infant formula milk

Cited by 297 publications

References 19 publications

Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii): An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen

Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii): An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen

Biofilm formation on enteral feeding tubes by Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella serovars and other Enterobacteriaceae

Time–temperature profiles of infant milk formula in hospitals and analysis of Enterobacter sakazakii growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About