The gut bacteria across life stages in the synanthropic fly Chrysomya megacephala

Abstract

BackgroundGut bacteria are closely associated with host. Chrysomya megacephala, as a vector and resource insect, can transmit various pathogenic bacteria and consume manure to produce biofertilizer and larva biomass. However, the gut bacteria composition and abundance of C. megacephala remain unclear.ResultsIllumina MiSeq platform was used to compare composition of gut bacterial community in eggs, 1-day-old larvae, 5-day-old larvae, pupae, adult females and males by sequencing with variation in V4 region of 16S ribosomal DNA gene. In total, 928 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. These OTUs were annotated into 19 phyla, 42 classes, 77 orders, 153 families and 289 genera. More than 0.5% abundance of 32 OTU core genera were found across all life stages. At class level, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Betaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant in C. megacephala. Eight species were identified to have significantly different abundance between 1-d-larvae and 5-day-larvae and took 28.95% of shared species between these two groups. Sex-specific bacterial species were identified that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was merely present in females, while Rhodococcus fascians was merely present in males.ConclusionGut bacteria of C. megacephala varied across life stages. The composition and community structure of the bacterial community differed from young larvae to mature larvae, while that were similar in adult females and males. These data will provide an overall view of bacterial community across life stages in C. megacephala with attention on manure associated and pathogenic bacteria.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1272-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Diversity and Composition of the Gut Microbiota in the Developmental Stages of the Dung Beetle Copris incertus Say (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

“…The beta-diversity analysis in the gut microbiota from C. incertus clustered initial (eggs), intermediate (larva and pupa), and adult stages (mother, offsprings). Similar results were reported for the synanthropic fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Wang et al, 2018). These changes in the bacterial communities of the gut microbiota throughout the host life cycle might be due to different factors: a) dietary specialization of adult and larvae.…”

“…There is limited knowledge in the dung beetle's bacterial microbiota, in particular on its diversity and composition during the insect life cycle. Differences in the gut bacterial communities associated with life stages have been reported for several insect species like bark beetles (Briones-Roblero et al, 2017) flies (Wang et al, 2018), beetles (Arias-Cordero et al, 2012), and lepidopteran (Chen et al, 2016). However, the only one report in dung beetles in the genus Euoniticellus determined that the taxonomic abundance profiles in the microbiota in larvae, male and female parents were grouped according to developmental stage (Shukla et al, 2016).…”

Functional Variation in Dipteran Gut Bacterial Communities in Relation to Their Diet, Life Cycle Stage and Habitat

“…The adults transfer the microbes by smearing feces on the egg shells after oviposition [37]. The few studies there have shown that dipteran eggs have a low density, but a high diversity of bacteria ( Figure 2) [100,101]. Some freshly hatched larvae consume the egg shell and thus inoculate their guts with these microbes [93].…”

Potential bacterial biomarkers for insect colonization in forensic cases: preliminary quantitative data on Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica and Ignatzschineria indica dynamics

“…At the same time, Ignatzschineria was more abundant in the fly larvae specimens than in the living substrates, similar to our findings, were I. indica prevailed in L. illustris immature stages. Other synanthropic species, such as the oriental latrine fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) was used for the microbiome characterization during the developmental cycle 43 . During the respective study 43 , both Ignatzschineria and Wohlfahrtiimonas were identified from the insect samples, though, unlike other experiments, these genera were not encountered among the prevailing gut bacteria.…”

“…Other synanthropic species, such as the oriental latrine fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) was used for the microbiome characterization during the developmental cycle 43 . During the respective study 43 , both Ignatzschineria and Wohlfahrtiimonas were identified from the insect samples, though, unlike other experiments, these genera were not encountered among the prevailing gut bacteria. Nevertheless, once again it is demonstrated that these bacteria are present in different Diptera species, which may recommend them as universal biomarkers for the insect colonization time.…”