The gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: a review of bacterial pathogenesis

Dahmus, Jessica; Kotler, Drew; Kastenberg, David; Kistler, C. Andrew

doi:10.21037/jgo.2018.04.07

Cited by 144 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…IL1β is neo-synthesized and activated by the inflammasome only in the presence of microbial components or tissue damage [28], sustaining the plausible role of luminal, stromal PTGS2 for the homeostatic rescue of the epithelial barrier. Indeed, several bacterial species have been associated to CRC [30], and Streptococcus gallolyticus can infect colorectal tumors and has been linked to local IL1β and PTGS2 expression [31]. According to these data, stromal PTGS2 expressed in the luminal area could exert a protective role for the patient, not necessarily influencing CRC progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Glycosylated PTGS2 in Colorectal Cancer for NSAIDS-Based Adjuvant Therapy

Venè

Costa

Augugliaro

et al. 2020

Cells

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Observational/retrospective studies indicate that prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) inhibitors could positively affect colorectal cancer (CRC) patients’ survival after diagnosis. To obtain an acceptable cost/benefit balance, the inclusion of PTGS2 inhibitors in the adjuvant setting needs a selective criterion. We quantified the 72 kDa, CRC-associated, glycosylated form of PTGS2 in 100 frozen CRC specimens and evaluated PTGS2 localization by IHC in the same tumors, scoring tumor epithelial-derived and stroma-derived fractions. We also investigated the involvement of interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) in PTGS2 induction, both in vitro and in CRC lysates. Finally, we used overall survival (OS) as a criterion for patient selection. Glycosylated PTGS2 can be quantified with high sensibility in tissue lysates, but the expression in both tumor and stromal cells limits its use for predictive purposes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis indicates that stromal PTGS2 expression could exert a protective role on patient OS. Stromal PTGS2 was prevalently expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts exerting a barrier function near the gut lumen, and it apparently favored the antitumor M1 macrophage population. IL1β was directly linked to gPTGS2 expression both in vitro and in tumors, but its activity was apparently prevalent on the stromal cell population. We suggest that stromal PTGS2 could exert a positive effect on patients OS when expressed in the luminal area of the tumor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Glycosylated PTGS2 in Colorectal Cancer for NSAIDS-Based Adjuvant Therapy

Venè

Costa

Augugliaro

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…6). Of note, colorectal cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Salmonella infection functional categories are enriched among high-divergence genes, and have all been associated with gut microbiome composition in previous studies (Dahmus et al, 2018;Ferreira et al, 2011;Scher & Abramson, 2011) . Moreover, when considering host genes that have been previously associated with complex human traits through genome wide association studies (GWAS) using data in the GWAS Catalog (Buniello et al, 2019) , we find that high-divergence genes are enriched with traits and diseases that have also been linked to the microbiome, such as Crohn's Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and body mass index ( Fig.…”

Section: Examples Of Several Microbes That Have Variable Abundance Acmentioning

confidence: 79%

Interspecies variation in hominid gut microbiota controls host gene regulation

Muehlbauer

Richards

Alazizi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The gut microbiome exhibits extreme compositional variation between hominid hosts. However, it is unclear how this variation impacts host physiology, and whether this effect can be mediated through microbial regulation of host gene expression in interacting epithelial cells. Here, we characterized the transcriptional response of colonic epithelial cells in vitro to live microbial communities extracted from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. We found most host genes exhibit a conserved response, whereby they respond similarly to the four hominid microbiomes, while some genes respond only to microbiomes from specific host species. Genes that exhibit such a divergent response are associated with relevant intestinal diseases in humans, such as inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn's disease. Lastly, we found that inflammation-associated microbial species regulate the expression of host genes previously associated with inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting health-related consequences for species-specific host-microbiome interactions across hominids.

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“…Colon and ileum are major colonization sites for S. Bovis/S. equinus complex and they have a well-known association with colorectal cancer (8,9). Bacteremia and infective endocarditis are frequently encountered diseases for human SBSEC infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of bacterial infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus alactolyticus

Çekmen¹,

Baysan²,

Disbudak³

et al. 2019

HVT

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Background: Streptococcus alactolyticus is a rarely isolated bacterium, which classified under DNA cluster IV of the S. Bovis/S. equinus complex. Infections, especially infective endocarditis, caused by Strep. alactolyticus are very rare in humans. Case Report: We describe a case of Strepotoccocus alactolyticus bacteriemia complicated by infective endocarditis. A 64-year-old male with a previous history of coronary artery bypass grafting applied to our cardiology outpatient clinic with complaints of dyspnea, fever, confusion and an apical holosystolic murmur. He was admitted to the intensive care unit. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed the presence vegetation on the aortic valve. S. alactolyticus was detected on serial blood cultures. The patient was first treated with intensive antimicrobial therapy, and then underwent mitral and aortic valve replacements with uneventful follow-up. Conclusion: Streptococcus alactolyticus infective endocarditis has only been reported previously in one patient. More information is certainly needed for diagnosis and treatment of patients infected with Streptococcus alactolyticus. Key words: Streptococcus alactolyticus, endocarditis

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The gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: a review of bacterial pathogenesis

Cited by 144 publications

References 65 publications

Evaluation of Glycosylated PTGS2 in Colorectal Cancer for NSAIDS-Based Adjuvant Therapy

Evaluation of Glycosylated PTGS2 in Colorectal Cancer for NSAIDS-Based Adjuvant Therapy

Interspecies variation in hominid gut microbiota controls host gene regulation

A rare case of bacterial infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus alactolyticus

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