The gut microbiome: the role of a virtual organ in the endocrinology of the host

Evans, James B.; Morris, Laura; Marchesi, Julian R.

doi:10.1530/joe-13-0131

Cited by 224 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 84 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

163

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, are secreted in the gut lumen (Figure 2), and their signaling to the multiple gut receptors (free fatty acid receptor 2-3, FFAR2, FFAR3) are implicated in the control of anorectic hormones -like peptide YY (PYY) [27] and GLP-1 [28]. Also, SCFAs promote the release of serotonine (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) [29], an aminoacid key regulator of GIT motility and secretion ( Figure 2). Altogether, this involvement suggested a role of microbiota in the gut-brain axis, and appetite control.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota: the Overcalled Cardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise has the guts: How physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases

Codella

Luzi

Terruzzi³

2018

Digestive and Liver Disease

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please cite this article as: Codella Roberto, Luzi Livio, Terruzzi Ileana.Exercise has the guts: how physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases.Digestive and Liver Disease https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld. 2017.11.016 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractLimited animal and human research findings implied that exercise might have a

show abstract

Section: Gut Microbiota: the Overcalled Cardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise has the guts: How physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases

Codella

Luzi

Terruzzi³

2018

Digestive and Liver Disease

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The adult intestine is home for an approximately 100 trillion microbes, with hundreds or thousands of species, occurring in the colonic region, whose density is estimated to be at 10 11 to 10 12 per ml (Million et al, 2013). This gut microbial population has been implicated in a range of essential host physiological processes (Evans et al, 2013;Tremaroli and Backhed, 2012). Moreover, due to the straight interactions between host and microbes, the gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated to a number of diseases such as, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis (Fukuda and Ohno, 2013;Y Lee, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose

Etxeberría

Arias

Boqué

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastrointestinal tract harbours a "superorganism" called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. This internal ecosystem, far from being a static environment, could be willingly manipulated by diet and dietary components. Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies.The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in 5 male Wistar rats fed a high-fat sucrose (HFS) diet for six weeks and to compare it with the basal microbial composition. For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after the treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). Interestingly, Clostridia class showed a significant decrease after the HFS-diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) that, in some cases, showed opposite trends to their relative families.These results highlight the relevance of characterizing gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between the 1 diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development.

show abstract

“…In addition, sex-specific difference also impacts the efficacy of the probiotics [62]. The gut-bone axis is mediated by nutrition since a gluten free diet modestly improved bone mass density with lower impact fractures, in CD patients [63].…”

Section: Gut-bone Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

GUT-the Trojan Horse in Remote Organs’ Autoimmunity

T¹

2016

J Clin Cell Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human beings assemble and maintain a diverse but host-specific gut microbial community along the longitudinal axis of the intestines. Helped by a functional tight junction, the default response to commensal microbes is tolerance, whereas the default response to pathogens is an intricately orchestrated immune response, resulting in pathogen clearance. Nutrients and industrial food additives were suggested to impact the intestinal ecosystem and to breach tight junction integrity. Taken together, certain nutritional components, increased intestinal permeability, disease specific dysbiotic pathobionts and their capacity of post translation modification of proteins, are luminal events that impact autoimmunogenesis. The present review expands on the multi gut originated axes and their relationship to remote organ autoimmune diseases. Brain, joint, bone, endocrine, liver, kidney, heart, lung and skin autoimmune diseases are connected to the intestinal luminal compartmental deregulated events to form the gut-systemic organs axes.

show abstract

The gut microbiome: the role of a virtual organ in the endocrinology of the host

Cited by 224 publications

References 84 publications

Exercise has the guts: How physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases

Exercise has the guts: How physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases

Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose

GUT-the Trojan Horse in Remote Organs’ Autoimmunity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About