The Gut Microbiota

Martinez, Kristina; Pierre, Joseph F.; Chang, Eugene B.

doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.07.001

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Dietary habits could be the primary determinant of gut microbial composition and function (Tilg and Moschen, 2015; Martinez et al, 2016), consequently shaping the microbial structure (Figure 3). In general, hypercaloric, high-animal fat Western diets may accelerate anabolism, alter gut microbiota composition and result in intestinal dysbiosis.…”

Section: Microbiota-targeted Therapies For Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental factors include dietary habits (Riccio and Rossano, 2015; Haghikia and Linker, 2018), which can alter the intestinal microbial community, and thus there is considerable variability among individuals. Dietary habits are the primary determinant of the microbial composition and function in the gut (Tilg and Moschen, 2015; Martinez et al, 2016) and thus greatly responsible for shaping the microbial structure. Studies have suggested that the presence of certain gut microbiomes could promote or prevent MS development (Jangi et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2016; Rothhammer and Quintana, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota: Future Opportunities in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

Fan

Zhang

2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies on MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have shown that the composition and abundance of microbes in the intestinal microbiota are an environmental risk factor for the development of MS and EAE. Changes in certain microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract can cause MS in humans, but MS inflammation can be reduced or even prevented by introducing other commensal microbes that produce beneficial metabolites. Other risk factors for MS include the presence of an altered gut physiology and the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system. Metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, are the primary signaling molecules produced by the intestinal microbiota that interact with the host immune system, suggesting an association between MS pathophysiology and gut microbiota. In addition, several host microRNAs present in the gut have been found to interact with the intestinal microbial community, these interactions may indirectly affect the neurological system. Increasing evidence has shown that regulation of the intestinal microbiota is an important approach for reducing MS inflammation. Thus, here we review the use of diet to alter the gut microbiota and its application in the treatment and prevention of MS.

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Section: Microbiota-targeted Therapies For Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota: Future Opportunities in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

Fan

Zhang

2019

Front. Microbiol.

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“…An alteration of these microbial functions has been associated with acute and chronic disease, and development of autoimmune disorders. Diet also notably has an immediate and dramatic impact on microbial structure, and may be the single most important driver of gut bacterial composition and function ( Figure 2 ) [ 22 , 23 ]. The effects of high protein consumption on gut microbiota composition are not yet extensively studied, but are of increasing importance [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vegetable Proteins on Hypercholesterolemia and Gut Microbiota Modulation

et al. 2018

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Risk assessment tools, i.e., validated risk prediction algorithms, to estimate the patient’s 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be used to identify high-risk people for primary prevention. Current evidence confirms that appropriate monitoring and control of risk factors either reduces the likelihood of CVD or slows down its progression. It is thus crucial that all health professionals make appropriate use of all the available intervention strategies to control risk factors: from dietary improvement and adequate physical activity to the use of functional foods, food supplements, and drugs. The gut microbiota, which encompasses 1 × 1014 resident microorganisms, has been recently recognized as a contributing factor in the development of human disease. This review examines the effect of both some vegetable food components belong to the “protein food group” and the underexploited protein-rich hempseed on cholesterolemia and gut microbiota composition.

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“…A reduction in energy intake is able to lower the ratio because the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increases as obese individuals lose weight on either a fat-or carbohydrate-restricted low-calorie diet [4,15]. Three genera of bacteria are often overrepresented in obese humans, including Bacteroides and Prevotella (both Bacteroidetes) and Ruminococcus (Firmicutes) [22]. In a study by Turnbaugh et al, diet-induced obesity (DIO) produced a bloom in a single uncultured clade within the Mollicutes class of Firmicutes.…”

Section: The Intestinal Microbiome In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Adaptation Due to Gastric Bypass Surgery: The Nutritional Impact

2020

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Bariatric surgery leads to sustained weight loss and the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Recent studies have suggested that changes in gut microbiota are associated with the weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. Several studies have observed major changes in the microbial composition following gastric bypass surgery. However, there are inconsistencies between the reported alterations in microbial compositions in different studies. Furthermore, it is well established that diet is an important factor shaping the composition and function of intestinal microbiota. However, most studies on gastric bypass have not assessed the impact of dietary intake on the microbiome composition in general, let alone the impact of restrictive diets prior to bariatric surgery, which are recommended for reducing liver fat content and size. Thus, the relative impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss and gut microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the current knowledge of the changes in intestinal microbiota induced by bariatric surgery considering pre-surgical nutritional changes.

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The Gut Microbiota

Cited by 39 publications

References 76 publications

Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota: Future Opportunities in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota: Future Opportunities in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

Effects of Vegetable Proteins on Hypercholesterolemia and Gut Microbiota Modulation

Microbial Adaptation Due to Gastric Bypass Surgery: The Nutritional Impact

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