The Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos

Sommer, Felix; Ståhlman, Marcus; Ilkayeva, Olga; Arnemo, Jon M.; Kindberg, Jonas; Josefsson, Johan; Newgard, Christopher B.; Fröbert, Ole; Bäckhed, Fredrik

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.026

Cited by 283 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Evidence increasingly supports the idea that host microbiota has a role in vertebrate phenomic plasticity (that is, the capacity of a single genotype to change its expression so as to exhibit different phenotypes in response to environmental pressures12), and may be influencing vertebrate host evolution126263. The capacity of a host's gut microbiota to change its composition (for example, the gain and loss of taxa as well as shifts in relative abundance) or gene expression in response to physiological changes in the host or external environmental changes has been termed ‘metagenomic plasticity'12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphibian gut microbiota shifts differentially in community structure but converges on habitat-specific predicted functions

et al. 2016

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Complex microbial communities inhabit vertebrate digestive systems but thorough understanding of the ecological dynamics and functions of host-associated microbiota within natural habitats is limited. We investigate the role of environmental conditions in shaping gut and skin microbiota under natural conditions by performing a field survey and reciprocal transfer experiments with salamander larvae inhabiting two distinct habitats (ponds and streams). We show that gut and skin microbiota are habitat-specific, demonstrating environmental factors mediate community structure. Reciprocal transfer reveals that gut microbiota, but not skin microbiota, responds differentially to environmental change. Stream-to-pond larvae shift their gut microbiota to that of pond-to-pond larvae, whereas pond-to-stream larvae change to a community structure distinct from both habitat controls. Predicted functions, however, match that of larvae from the destination habitats in both cases. Thus, microbial function can be matched without taxonomic coherence and gut microbiota appears to exhibit metagenomic plasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphibian gut microbiota shifts differentially in community structure but converges on habitat-specific predicted functions

et al. 2016

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“…Hibernators, such as the Syrian hamster, ground squirrel, and brown bear, have been shown to restructure gut microbiota during hibernation [7–9]. Slow metabolism, nutrient turnover, and wide variation of temperature can support a dense system of anaerobic bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis for gut microbes of the brown tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus) in artificial hibernation

2016

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BackgroundAnnual hibernation is an adaptation that helps many animals conserve energy during food shortage in winter. This natural cycle is also accompanied by a remodeling of the intestinal immune system, which is an aspect of host biology that is both influenced by, and can itself influence, the microbiota. In amphibians, the bacteria in the intestinal tract show a drop in bacterial counts. The proportion of pathogenic bacteria is greater in hibernating frogs than that found in nonhibernating frogs. This suggests that some intestinal gut microbes in amphibians can be maintained and may contribute to the functions in this closed ecosystem during hibernation. However, these results were derived from culture-based approaches that only covered a small portion of bacteria in the intestinal tract.MethodsIn this study, we use a more comprehensive analysis, including bacterial appearance and functional prediction, to reveal the global changes in gut microbiota during artificial hibernation via high-throughput sequencing technology.ResultsOur results suggest that artificial hibernation in the brown tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus) could reduce microbial diversity, and artificially hibernating frogs tend to harbor core operational taxonomic units that are rarely distributed among nonhibernating frogs. In addition, artificial hibernation increased significantly the relative abundance of the red-leg syndrome-related pathogenic genus Citrobacter. Furthermore, functional predictions via PICRUSt and Tax4Fun suggested that artificial hibernation has effects on metabolism, disease, signal transduction, bacterial infection, and primary immunodeficiency.ConclusionsWe infer that artificial hibernation may impose potential effects on primary immunodeficiency and increase the risk of bacterial infections in the brown tree frog.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3318-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Microbial metabolites have been demonstrated to play roles as signaling molecules and metabolic substrates (15,18,19,52,163,169), a topic which has been thoroughly reviewed (4,163,170). There is evidence that exposure to antibiotics (171), cold ambient temperatures (172), natural seasonal variation in food intake and ambient temperature during hibernation (173–175), natural seasonal variation in food sources (176), geographical and cultural differences in dietary habits or dietary scarcity (48–50,177,178), hormonal cues (31,58), alteration in dietary macronutrient composition (10,47,53,179), food additives (16,34), and more can affect gut microbial communities.…”

Section: Regulation Of Chromatin Modification By Endogenous Metabolitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic programming of the epigenome: host and gut microbial metabolite interactions with host chromatin

Krautkramer

Dhillon

Denu

et al. 2017

Translational Research

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The mammalian gut microbiota has been linked to host developmental, immunologic, and metabolic outcomes. This collection of trillions of microbes inhabits the gut and produces a myriad of metabolites, which are measurable in host circulation and contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases. The link between endogenous metabolite availability and chromatin regulation is a well-established and active area of investigation, however, whether microbial metabolites can elicit similar effects is less understood. In this review, we focus on seminal and recent research that establishes chromatin regulatory roles for both endogenous and microbial metabolites. We also highlight key physiologic and disease settings where microbial metabolite-host chromatin interactions have been established and/or may be pertinent.

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The Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos

Cited by 283 publications

References 39 publications

Amphibian gut microbiota shifts differentially in community structure but converges on habitat-specific predicted functions

Amphibian gut microbiota shifts differentially in community structure but converges on habitat-specific predicted functions

Functional analysis for gut microbes of the brown tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus) in artificial hibernation

Metabolic programming of the epigenome: host and gut microbial metabolite interactions with host chromatin

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