This study examined the influence of PPARG activation by pioglitazone (PG) on the mRNA of core clock, inflammation‐ and metabolism‐related genes in the mouse kidney medulla as well as urinary sodium/potassium excretion rhythms disrupted by reverse feeding. Mice were assigned to daytime feeding and nighttime feeding groups. PG 20 mg/kg was administered at 7
am
or 7
pm
. On day 8 of the feeding intervention, mice were killed at noon and midnight. Kidney medulla expression of
Arntl, Clock, Nr1d1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, Nfe2l2, Pparg
, and
Scnn1g
was determined by qRT PCR. We measured urinary K
+
, Na
+
, urine volume, food, and H
2
O intake. The reverse feeding uncoupled the peripheral clock gene rhythm in mouse kidney tissues. It was accompanied by a decreased expression of
Nfe2l2
and
Pparg
as well as an increased expression of
Rela
and
Scnn1g.
These changes in gene expressions concurred with an increase in urinary Na
+
, K
+
, water excretion, microcirculation disorders, and cell loss, especially in distal tubules. PG induced the restoration of diurnal core clock gene expression as well as
Nfe2l2, Pparg
,
Scnn1g
mRNA, and decreased
Rela
expressions, stimulating Na
+
reabsorption and inhibiting K
+
excretion. PG intake at 7
pm
was more effective than at 7
am
.