The Heart as a Psychoneuroendocrine and Immunoregulatory Organ

Lin, Carlo Dal; Tona, Francesco; Osto, Elena

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_15

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…It is accompanied by the perception of negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, anger, fear, or panic [ 34 ]. Each of these emotions can have dramatic consequences on the cardiovascular level [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Unified View of Cognitive and Biochemical Activity: Meditation and Linguistic Self-Reconstructing May Lead to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Improvement

Lin

Brugnolo

Marinova

et al. 2020

Entropy

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Stress appears to be the basis of many diseases, especially myocardial infarction. Events are not objectively “stressful” but what is central is how the individual structures the experience he is facing: the thoughts he produces about an event put him under stress. This cognitive process could be revealed by language (words and structure). We followed 90 patients with ischemic heart disease and 30 healthy volunteers, after having taught them the Relaxation Response (RR) as part of a 4-day Rational–Emotional–Education intervention. We analyzed with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software the words that the subjects used across the study following the progression of blood galectin-3 (inflammation marker) and malondialdehyde (oxidative stress marker). During the follow-up, we confirmed an acute and chronic decrease in the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress already highlighted in our previous studies together with a significant change in the use of language by the subjects of the RR groups. Our results and the precise design of our study would seem to suggest the existence of an intimate relationship and regulatory action by cognitive processes (recognizable by the type of language used) on some molecular processes in the human body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Unified View of Cognitive and Biochemical Activity: Meditation and Linguistic Self-Reconstructing May Lead to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Improvement

Lin

Brugnolo

Marinova

et al. 2020

Entropy

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“…Although we have demonstrated that the microstructural model can be applied to predict load sharing of the constituents that cannot be experimentally measured, caution must be exercised in directly applying these results for optimizing treatments as they were obtained based on 1) normal LV geometry, 2) assumptions that the LV has homogeneous material properties and collagen fiber waviness and 3) omission of residual stresses. The model needs to be calibrated using more data, especially those from humans that consider sex-differences in the LV passive behavior [51], before predictions can be reliably applied in the clinics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure-based finite element model of left ventricle passive inflation

2019

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Isolating the role(s) of microstructural pathological features in affecting diastolic filling is important in developing targeted treatments for heart diseases. We developed a microstructurebased constitutive model of the myocardium and implemented it in an efficient open-source finite element modeling framework to simulate passive inflation of the left ventricle (LV) in a representative 3D geometry based on experimentally measured muscle fiber architecture. The constitutive model was calibrated using previous tissue-level biaxial mechanical test data derived from the canine heart and validated with independent sets of measurements made at both the isolated constituent and organ level. Using the validated model, we investigated the load taken up by each tissue constituent and their effects on LV passive inflation. The model predicts that the LV compliance is sensitive to the collagen ultrastructure, specifically, the collagen fiber azimuthal angle with respect to the local muscle fiber direction and its waviness. The model also predicts that most of the load in the sub-epicardial and sub-endocardial regions is taken up, respectively, by the muscle fibers and collagen fiber network. This result suggests that normalizing LV passive stiffness by altering the collagen fiber network and myocyte stiffness is most effective when applied to the sub-endocardial and sub-epicardial regions, respectively. This finding may have implication for the development of new pharmaceutical treatments targeting individual cardiac tissue constituents to normalize LV filling function in heart diseases.

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“…These afferent and efferent fibers comprise complex feedback loop in cardiac autonomic control, disruption or misbalance of which affects cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias (Taggart et al, 2011). Other humoral factors, neurohormones and cytokines, are also known to participate in this crosstalk (Dal Lin et al, 2018). The ANS plays a primary role in the pathophysiology of arrhythmia leading to SCD, and neuraxial modulation is emerging as an integral target of therapeutic interventions (Franciosi et al, 2017;Fukuda et al, 2015).…”

Section: Dysregulation Of Ans May Induce Lethal Ventricular Arrhythmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in children and young adults without structural heart disease: a comprehensive review

Tsuda

Fitzgerald

Temple

2020

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare clinical encounter in pediatrics, but its social impact is immense because of its unpredicted and catastrophic nature in previously healthy individuals. Unlike in adults where the primary cause of SCD is related to ischemic heart disease, the etiology is diverse in young SCD victims. Although certain structural heart diseases may be identified during autopsy in some SCD victims, autopsy-negative SCD is more common in pediatrics, which warrants the diagnosis of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) based upon the assumption that the usual heart rhythm is abruptly replaced by lethal ventricular arrhythmia. Despite current advances in molecular genetics, the causes of more than half of SADS cases remain unanswered even after postmortem genetic testing. Moreover, the majority of these deaths occur at rest or during sleep even in the young. Recently, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) has emerged as another etiology of SCD in children and adults, suggesting critical involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in SCD. Primary cardiac disorders may not be solely responsible for SCD; abnormal CNS function may also contribute to the unexpected lethal event. In this review article, we provide an overview of the complex pathogenesis of SADS and its diverse clinical presentation in the young and postulate that SADS is, in part, induced by unfortunate miscommunication between the heart and CNS via the autonomic nervous system.

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The Heart as a Psychoneuroendocrine and Immunoregulatory Organ

Cited by 17 publications

References 162 publications

Toward a Unified View of Cognitive and Biochemical Activity: Meditation and Linguistic Self-Reconstructing May Lead to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Improvement

Toward a Unified View of Cognitive and Biochemical Activity: Meditation and Linguistic Self-Reconstructing May Lead to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Improvement

Microstructure-based finite element model of left ventricle passive inflation

Sudden cardiac death in children and young adults without structural heart disease: a comprehensive review

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