The Heating Efficiency and Imaging Performance of Magnesium Iron Oxide@tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials displaying high specific loss power (SLP) and high imaging sensitivity with good spatial resolution are highly desired in image-guided cancer therapy. Currently, commercial nanoparticles do not sufficiently provide such multifunctionality. For example, Resovist® has good image resolution but with a low SLP, whereas BNF® has a high SLP value with very low image resolution. In this study, hydrophilic magnesium iron oxide@tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide nanoparticles were prepared in two steps. First, hydrophobic magnesium iron oxide nanoparticles were fabricated using a thermal decomposition technique, followed by coating with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, DLS, TEM, zeta potential, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and VSM. The hyperthermia and imaging properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated and compared to the commercial nanoparticles. One-dimensional magnetic particle imaging indicated the good imaging resolution of our nanoparticles. Under the application of a magnetic field of frequency 614.4 kHz and strength 9.5 kA/m, nanoparticles generated heat with an SLP of 216.18 W/g, which is much higher than that of BNF (14 W/g). Thus, the prepared nanoparticles show promise as a novel dual-functional magnetic nanomaterial, enabling both high performance for hyperthermia and imaging functionality for diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

High Efficacy on the Death of Breast Cancer Cells Using SPMHT with Magnetite Cyclodextrins Nanobioconjugates

“…Comparatively, for the bionized nanoferrite (BNF ® ) commercial nanoparticles prepared via the core-shell method with a core of Fe 3 O 4 and a shell of dextran or hydroxyethyl starch, having a nanoparticle size of 14 nm (close to that of our sample (16 nm)), and for a magnetic field of 9.5 kA/m and a frequency of 614.4 kHz, an ILP of 0.25 nH•m 2 /kg was obtained [48]. This value is significantly lower than the one obtained in the case of our sample (1.43 nH•m 2 /kg).…”

“…However, in the same magnetic field conditions (9.5 kA/m and 614.4 kHz), Darwish et al [48] reported for ILP a value of 3.8 nH•m 2 /kg for core-shell nanoparticles of magnesium iron oxide@tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (MgIONPs@TMAH), having a size of 15 nm. Moreover, Nishimoto et al [49] reported an ILP value of ~2 and ~4 for commercial Resovist ® and MEADM-033-02 nanoparticles, which are γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles coated with carboxydextran and carboxymethyl-diethylaminoethyl dextran, respectively, having a size of 5-6 nm and a concentration of 2 mg-Fe/mL, for a magnetic field of 4 kA/m and 100 kHz.…”

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“…These MNPs can be used as a dual‐functional tracer in both high‐performance hyperthermia therapy and functionalized imaging for theragnosis. [ 274 ]…”

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“…Over the last few years, there has been considerable work designing MPI- and hyperthermia-tailored SPIONs with high resolution and sensitivity, as well as efficient heating performance. 13,326 Generally, for better heating characteristics, SPIONs should have colloidal stability, phase purity, a narrow size distribution, and optimal magnetic properties. 327 In a recent study, Bleul et al demonstrated the use of a micromixer synthesis platform (Fig.…”