The Hemodynamics and the Treatment of Esophago-gastric Varices.

Evaluation of arterial blood flow in esophageal varices via endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography with a galactose-based contrast agent

“…It is thought that esophageal varices not only form due to hepatofugal flow but also due to elevation of the venous pressure with a hyperdynamic state in the areas of the lower esophagus and the upper part of the stomach. 9,10 The blood flow in the stomach wall, supplied from the left gastric artery, also participates in variceal blood flow in the early stage. [16][17][18] The hyperdynamic state is caused by an increase in the arteriovenous anastomoses in the submucosal layer of the esophagus and stomach, by which the arterial blood flows in through the left gastric artery and proper esophageal artery.…”

“…The hyperdynamic state has been reported to arise due to the spread of an arterio-venous anastomosis (AV-A) in the submucosal layer of the cardiac region. 9,10 To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports regarding the detection of the pulsatile wave Background. We examined the usefulness of endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography, using Levovist in evaluating the arterial blood flow, in patients with esophageal varices.…”

Hemodynamic changes in a patient with esophageal varices after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy evaluated by endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography

“…10,11 The hyperdynamic state is caused by an increase in arteriovenous anastomoses in the submucosal layer of the esophagus and stomach in which arterial blood fl ows in through the left gastric artery and proper esophageal artery. Arterial blood fl ow in the lower esophagus and the upper part of the stomach is attributable to hepatopetal fl ow in the left gastric vein and an alternate direction of fl ow in the left gastric vein.…”

Usefulness of electronic radial endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography in esophageal varices: comparison with convex type

“…The hyperdynamic state has been reported to arise by the spread of an arteriovenous anastomosis (AV-A) in the submucosal layer of the cardiac region. 15,16 In the present study, color flow images of pulsatile waves were obtained in 10 of 26 cases (38.5%). The detection rates of pulsatile waves were higher in patients with F1 and F2 varices than in those with F3 varices.…”