The HERA approach to morally competent robots

Lindner, Felix; Bentzen, Martin Mose; Nebel, Bernhard

doi:10.1109/iros.2017.8206625

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Authors in the field give different reasons for studying (implementations in) machine ethics. Fears of the negative consequences of AI motivate the first category of reasons: creating machines that do not have a negative societal impact [13,89]. With further autonomy and complexity of machines, ethics need to be implemented in a more elaborate way [27,41,52,78,98,102].…”

Section: Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, there are papers in which the hierarchy across theory types remains ambiguous. Examples of ambiguous papers are implementations where authors try to mimic the human brain [37], or focus on implementing constraints such as the Pareto principle [89], which does not strictly speaking constitute a moral theory. Note that categorizing a paper as "ambiguous" does not imply a negative assessment of the implementation.…”

Section: Ethical Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a medical scenario, they provide a proof of concept. Lindner et al [89] have created a software library for modelling "hybrid ethical reasoning agents" called HERA. Based on logic, they create a prototype called IMMANUEL, which is a robotic face and upper body that users can interact with.…”

Section: A13 Particularism Ashley and Mclarenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementations in Machine Ethics

et al. 2020

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Increasingly complex and autonomous systems require machine ethics to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks to society arising from the new technology. It is challenging to decide which type of ethical theory to employ and how to implement it effectively. This survey provides a threefold contribution. First, it introduces a trimorphic taxonomy to analyze machine ethics implementations with respect to their object (ethical theories), as well as their nontechnical and technical aspects. Second, an exhaustive selection and description of relevant works is presented. Third, applying the new taxonomy to the selected works, dominant research patterns, and lessons for the field are identified, and future directions for research are suggested.

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Section: Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethical Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementations in Machine Ethics

et al. 2020

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“…Another step is required to make the robots behave as intended in practice, namely, the concrete technological implementation of ethics into robots. Different researchers have developed and tested algorithms that, for example, allow robots to decide in morally ambivalent situations (e.g., [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137]). However, it may be critically discussed whether an implementation of ethics in the form of algorithms is feasible, or even possible.…”

Section: Ethical Framework Guidelines and Their Implementation Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal and Ethical Issues in HRI

Wullenkord

Eyssel

2020

Curr Robot Rep

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Purpose of the Review The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the societal and ethical issues in human-robot interaction, (HRI), mainly focusing on the literature of the last five years. Recent Findings Both general ethical challenges associated with robot deployment and those specific to human-robot interaction are addressed and complemented by discussions of ethics within HRI research, ethics related behavior towards robots, as well as ethics and robot rights. Moreover, we discuss ethical challenges in sensitive contexts such as medicine, rehabilitation, and care. We conclude our review by providing an overview of the key ethics frameworks and guidelines to inspire researchers, developers, and stakeholders alike. Summary This review offers a timely overview of the state-of-the art societal and ethical issues that arise from the ever more steady integration of robots into human society. We exemplify the key issues and debates in the field by mainly covering the literature of the past five years.

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“…We will test the proposed notions using examples from the literature on moral dilemmas. Thereby, we do not limit ourselves to one particular ethical principle, but will consider a number of different principles that have the potential to be treated computationally, similar to the HERA (Lindner, Bentzen, and Nebel 2017) approach. Third, we will analyze the computational complexity of assessing the moral permissibility of a plan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Permissibility of Action Plans

Lindner¹,

Mattmüller²,

Nebel³

2019

AAAI

Self Cite

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Research in classical planning so far was mainly concerned with generating a satisficing or an optimal plan. However, if such systems are used to make decisions that are relevant to humans, one should also consider the ethical consequences generated plans can have. We address this challenge by analyzing in how far it is possible to generalize existing approaches of machine ethics to automatic planning systems. Traditionally, ethical principles are formulated in an actionbased manner, allowing to judge the execution of one action. We show how such a judgment can be generalized to plans. Further, we study the computational complexity of making ethical judgment about plans.

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The HERA approach to morally competent robots

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Implementations in Machine Ethics

Implementations in Machine Ethics

Societal and Ethical Issues in HRI

Moral Permissibility of Action Plans

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