Cluster complexes form an attractive class in the reactions of transition metal complexes, owing to their capability of activating substrates effectively through the cooperative effects of multiple metal centers. [1] To date, we have demonstrated several examples of cooperative activation by treating various substrates, including unsaturated hydrocarbons, with [Cp*Ru(m-H) 4 RuCp*] (1, Cp* = h 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) and [(Cp*Ru) 3 (m-H) 3 (m 3 -H) 2 ]. [2] Heterometallic cluster complexes that contain different metals may exhibit electronic anisotropic characters stemming from polarized metal-metal bonds. [3] Therefore, significant heterometallic effects, such as marked regioselectivity and remarkable acceleration, could occur in the reaction in addition to the typical effects of cluster complexes resulting from multiple coordination and multielectron transfer.We synthesized a series of heterometallic dinuclear polyhydrido complexes, such as [Cp*Ru(m-H) 4 and demonstrated their heterometallic effects through reactions with unsaturated hydrocarbons, phosphines, amines, and acetylacetone. For example, the reaction of heterometallic Ru-Os complex [Cp*Ru(m-H) 4 OsCp*] (2) with ethylene exclusively afforded [Cp*Os(CH 2 = CH 2 )(m-h 1 ,h 2 -CH = CH 2 ) 2 RuCp*] in which the vinyl groups are h 1 -bonded to Os. [4a] In this reaction, CÀH bond activation selectively occurred at the Os center because Os and Ru atoms served as activation and binding sites, respectively, indicating sharing of functions between the two metal atoms in the reactions of the heterometallic dinuclear polyhydrido clusters. However, the aforementioned reactions, particularly reactions with unsaturated hydrocarbons, involved multiple elementary steps, and the complexity of the reaction often obscured the heterometallic effect in each elementary step. To evaluate the heterometallic effect, this study focused on the addition of a phosphorus ligand to the dinuclear tetrahydrido complex [Cp*M(m-H) 4 M'Cp*] (2: M = Ru, M' = Os; 3: M = M' = Os [5] ) to produce a dihydrido-phosphine or dihydrido-phosphite complex [Cp*(X 3 P)M(m-H) 2 M'Cp*] (X = OMe, Me). Through these reactions, we obtained positive evidence for a kinetic heterometallic effect (KHE) and a thermodynamic heterometallic effect (THE), namely, remarkable acceleration of the incorporation of phosphine or phosphite groups into the heterodinuclear tetrahydride 2 and intramolecular migration of P(OMe) 3 from the ruthenium center to the osmium center in one direction in [Cp*{(MeO) 3 P}Ru(m-H) 2 OsH 2 Cp*] (4), respectively. We have reported the formation of dinuclear dihydridophosphine and dihydrido-phosphite complexes [Cp*-(R 3 P)Ru(m-H) 2 RuCp*] (R = Me (5 a), Et (5 b), iPr (5 c), Bn (5 d), OMe (5 e), and OPh (5 f)) in the reaction of diruthenium tetrahydrido complex 1 with various phosphorus ligands [Eq. ( 1)]. We also demonstrated that the phosphorus ligand reversibly migrated between the two ruthenium atoms. [6] Similarly, diosmium tetrahydrido complex 3 reacted with P(OMe) 3 to generate a dinuclear phos...