The high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells: a review

Guo, Zhanglin; Jena, Ajay Kumar; Kim, Gyu Min; Miyasaka, Tsutomu

doi:10.1039/d2ee00663d

Cited by 283 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 344 publications

(492 reference statements)

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“…Besides, it has been reported that Sn(II) induced defects, including heavily self‐doping of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ , tin‐rich environment‐induced Sn(I) antisite defects (Sn I ), and iodide vacancies (V I ), represent formidable factors for the huge open‐circuit voltage loss ( V oc,loss ) and poor device performance of tin‐based PSCs. [ 21,22 ] Therefore, effective strategies that mitigate Sn(II)‐induced defects are essential for high‐performance devices. Previous studies have demonstrated that appropriate functional additive can effectively suppress Sn 2+ oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic‐Free and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 11%

Zhang

Cai

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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photovoltaic devices (23.3%), showing great potential toward practical applications. [1] However, thermal instability of organic components (e.g., methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA)) and high toxicity of heavy metal lead (Pb) pose challenges for practical applications. [2][3][4][5] To address these issues, a new perovskite family of organic-free and lead-free cesium tin tri-iodide (CsSnI 3 ) has been proposed and attracted considerable attention. [6][7][8] One of the potential candidates within the new perovskite family is the inorganic CsSnI 3 . This kind of perovskite possesses favorable direct bandgap (around 1.3 eV), high optical absorption coefficient (about 10 4 cm −1 in the visible range), and ultralow exciton binding energy (18 meV), making it very promising as a photoactive layer for PSCs' construction. [9][10][11] Since the first report in 2014 by Kumar et al., the efficiency of CsSnI 3based perovskite solar cells has witnessed steady improvement from 2.02% to 10.1% in 2021. [12,13] Such development has mainly been attributed to addressing the factors that affect the performance of the devices, such as annealing temperature, [14] film fabrication method, [15] and interface regulation. [16,17] However, little efforts have been made to Organic-free and lead-free CsSnI 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently gained growing attention as a promising template to mitigate the thermal instability and lead toxicity of hybrid lead-based PSCs. However, the relatively low device efficiency due to the high content of Sn(II)-related defects hinders its further development. Herein, highly performed CsSnI 3−x Br x compositional perovskite-based PSCs are achieved by using dimethyl ketoxime (C 3 H 7 NO, DMKO) as a multifunctional additive. As a commercially used deoxidant, DMKO can effectively neutralize the oxygen molecule and reduce Sn 4+ back to Sn 2+ , enhancing the oxidation resistance of the film. Besides, the electron-rich oxime group (NOH) in DMKO tends to interact with Sn 2+ ions with extremely low adsorption energy less than −15 eV and inhibits defect formation, resulting in films with low defect density. The corresponding PSCs deliver a considerable open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of 0.75 V with a record efficiency as high as 11.2%, which represents the highest reported efficiency for lead-free all-inorganic PSCs thus far. More importantly, the grain surface distributed DMKO provides an in situ encapsulation of the perovskite, which results in greatly enhanced ambient stability of the un-encapsulated devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic‐Free and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 11%

Zhang

Cai

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[ 1 ] Although power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 20% has been achieved, [ 2 ] the efficiency of CsPbX 3 solar cells still lags behind their hybrid perovskite counterparts, essentially because of the large open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) deficits ( E g / q − V OC ). [ 2d,3 ] Hybrid PSCs working with high efficiencies show V OC deficits of 0.3–0.4 V while CsPbX 3 solar cells always suffer from much larger deficits (0.5–0.7 V). For example, a formamidinium (FA) based hybrid PSC working with a PCE of 25.2% ( E g = 1.56 eV, V OC = 1.19 V) shows only 0.37 V deficit, [ 4 ] and a recently reported triple‐cation hybrid perovskite‐based PSC ( E g = 1.51 eV, V OC = 1.12 V) exhibits V OC deficit of 0.32 V. [ 5 ] While a CsPbI 3 perovskite‐based PSC working with high efficiency of 20.08% ( E g ≈ 1.70 eV, V OC = 1.15 V) shows a V OC deficit of 0.55 V. [ 2a ] Ma et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The defects are always positively or negatively charged species that can trap/localize electrons or holes respectively, causing nonradiative recombination. [ 3 ] For reducing the bulk defects, in the early stage, many processes such as stepwise annealing, [ 9 ] additive engineering, [ 10 ] and film growth atmosphere controlling [ 11 ] were developed to make high‐quality CsPbX 3 perovskite film. With continuous efforts, high‐quality light absorber film with monolayered grains has been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Universal Method of Perovskite Surface Passivation for CsPbX₃ Solar Cells with V_OC over 90% of the S‐Q limit

Guo

Zhao

Shibayama

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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In comparison to hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), all-inorganic CsPbX 3 PSCs suffer from larger V OC deficits, leading to inferior efficiency. The perovskite surface defects like iodine vacancy (V I ) are the main sources of nonradiative recombination causing a V OC deficit. Here, 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (TDCA) is used to passivate the surface V I through the strong coordination interaction between the thiophene unit of TDCA and the undercoordinated Pb 2+ of perovskite. TDCA passivation also elevates the perovskite surface valence band position, leading to a better interfacial energy alignment. Consequently, the V OC of CsPbI 2.25 Br 0.75 PSCs is remarkably improved from 1.36 to 1.43 V (efficiency from 15.55% to 16.72%), reaching 92% (recordhigh among CsPbX 3 PSCs) of the Shockley-Queisser V OC limit. This method also promotes the V OC of CsPbI 1.5 Br 1.5 cell from 1.42 to 1.51 V (90% of the limit) and CsPbIBr 2 cell from 1.44 to 1.54 V (87% of the limit), demonstrating its universality for CsPbX 3 perovskites.

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“…[28] In details, the minimal V oc loss of CsPbBr 3 PSCs is 0.598 V, which is much higher than 0.3 V for FAPbI 3 PSCs, 0.34 V for MAPbI 3 PSCs, 0.44 V for Cs 0.17 FA 0.83 Pb(I 0.4 Br 0.6 ) 3 PSCs, 0.38 V for CsPbI 3 PSCs and other lower bandgap PSCs. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Considering that the serious V oc loss is highly related to the defects in perovskite film, it is understandable that there are more defects in CsPbBr 3 film than that of other films. Therefore, it is advantageous to reveal the relationship between defect and crystal plane by studying CsPbBr 3 solar cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect‐Dependent Crystal Plane Control on Inorganic CsPbBr₃ Film by Selectively Anchoring (Pseudo‐) Halide Anions for 1.650 V Voltage Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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One of the key problems to improving the performance of a typical perovskite solar cell (PSC) is to minimize the defect-determined nonradiative recombination. So far, the cutting-edge strategies mainly focus on the film-scale defect manipulation at grain boundaries and surfaces by trial-and-error, but the intrinsic passivation mechanism and fundamental guideline in the perspective of crystal lattices are still unclear. Herein, a much lower defect formation energy of Pb Br antisite defect at (110) plane than that at (h00) planes is demonstrated by theoretically studying the crystal plane-dependent defect density in an inorganic CsPbBr 3 film, and then the authors precisely control the plane growth by selectively anchoring (pseudo-) halide anions from ionic liquids to (110) plane. Because of the different adsorption energies on various planes, the growth of defective (110) plane is suppressed, leading to the formation of (h00) plane-oriented film. Finally, the all-inorganic CsPbBr 3 PSC passivated by ionic liquid EMImCl delivers the best efficiency of 10.71% with an open-circuit voltage up to 1.650 V. This work provides an in-depth insight into defect formation and passivation mechanism to stabilize perovskite photovoltaics.

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The high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells: a review

Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made incredibly fast progress in past years, pushing the efficiency approaching 26%, which is comparable to the best silicon solar cells. One of the features...

Cited by 283 publications

References 344 publications

Organic‐Free and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 11%

Organic‐Free and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 11%

A Universal Method of Perovskite Surface Passivation for CsPbX₃ Solar Cells with V_OC over 90% of the S‐Q limit

Defect‐Dependent Crystal Plane Control on Inorganic CsPbBr₃ Film by Selectively Anchoring (Pseudo‐) Halide Anions for 1.650 V Voltage Perovskite Solar Cells

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The high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells: a review

Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made incredibly fast progress in past years, pushing the efficiency approaching 26%, which is comparable to the best silicon solar cells. One of the features...

Cited by 283 publications

References 344 publications

Organic‐Free and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 11%

Organic‐Free and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 11%

A Universal Method of Perovskite Surface Passivation for CsPbX3 Solar Cells with VOC over 90% of the S‐Q limit

Defect‐Dependent Crystal Plane Control on Inorganic CsPbBr3 Film by Selectively Anchoring (Pseudo‐) Halide Anions for 1.650 V Voltage Perovskite Solar Cells

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Product

Resources

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A Universal Method of Perovskite Surface Passivation for CsPbX₃ Solar Cells with V_OC over 90% of the S‐Q limit

Defect‐Dependent Crystal Plane Control on Inorganic CsPbBr₃ Film by Selectively Anchoring (Pseudo‐) Halide Anions for 1.650 V Voltage Perovskite Solar Cells