The High Prevalence of the Varicella Zoster Virus in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in the North of Iran

Najafi, Saeideh; Ghane, Masood; Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Shahrokh; Amiri, Mehdi

doi:10.5812/jjm.34158

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[ 77 ] Other studies showed that chickenpox increased the risk of multiple sclerosis. [ 78 79 ] Moreover, a study has reported that concomitant cortical blindness and deafness followed VZV encephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient. [ 80 ]…”

Section: Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella infection in the Middle East: Prevalence, complications, and vaccination

Al-Turab

Chehadeh

2018

J Res Med Sci

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Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), it is a mild self-limiting infection, but it is also highly contagious and can cause severe complications among high-risk group of individuals. It is usually a childhood infection providing lifelong immunity, but adults without varicella history are also susceptible to infection. High-risk group of individuals is more likely to develop serious complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced to protect this group of individuals and to prevent epidemic spread of VZV infection in a community. Thus, it was added to the recommended vaccination schedules for children in most developed countries. This review aimed to outline varicella status, seroprevalence, complications, and vaccination in the Middle East region. Based on our findings, children were the most affected age group, but there are also adult cases due to high number of expatriates, especially in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Central nervous system involvements and skin diseases followed by varicella pneumonia were the most varicella-associated complications. Varicella vaccine was introduced in most Middle East countries, either mandatory by the Ministries of Health or optional in the private clinics. Few numbers of studies have reported an obvious reduction in varicella prevalence, hospitalizations, and deaths in the Middle East following varicella vaccination. A basic database about varicella infection before the initiation and implementation of a vaccination policy is essential to determine the target group of individuals. As far as our knowledge, this is the first review about varicella infection in the Middle East.

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Section: Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella infection in the Middle East: Prevalence, complications, and vaccination

Al-Turab

Chehadeh

2018

J Res Med Sci

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“…According to the clinical presentation and the histopathological properties of MS lesions, a viral infection could be responsible for the MS development (3). Nowadays, high prevalence of herpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr and varicella-zoster, as well as herpes simplex virus (HSV) are found in acute MS patients, but absent in the healthy control groups (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in the North of Iran

Najafi

Ghane

Poortahmasebi

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system associated with both infectious and non-infectious underlying factors. Many recent studies suggest that infection with herpesviruses has a contributing role in the pathogenesis of MS. Objectives: The current case-control study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with MS compared to those of the healthy controls.

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“…In the studies, the virus was potentially seen as a trigger for relapse more than an initial trigger for MS itself. The inspiration for such a hypothesis was the remitting nature of the VZV infection [15,16]. In the presented study, the MS patients' seropositivity for anti-VZV IgG was not significantly higher than that in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Herpesviridae Seropositivity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: First Polish Study

et al. 2018

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that leads to inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. Viral aetiology has been suspected to be an MS trigger for a long time, and herpesviruses (HSs) are among the potential pathogens involved. Objectives: The present investigation aims to detect the presence of antibodies against the herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) in the serum of MS patients and control individuals in north-eastern Poland. Method: Plasma was collected from 141 MS patients and 44 blood donors who served as the control group. These individuals were assessed for the presence of antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The statistical analysis showed a higher probability of EBV (p = 0.037, OR 4.359) and HHV6 (p = 0.020, OR 3.343) antibody presence in patients with MS compared to that in the control group. In the MS patient group, the prevalence of CMV IgG antibodies was significantly higher in females (p = 0.025). Patients who tested positive for anti-EBV IgG were diagnosed 7.9 years earlier than patients who tested negative for anti-EBV IgG (p = 0.048). Conclusions: The study showed that MS patients in north-eastern Poland were more likely to be seropositive for EBV and HHV6 than healthy individuals. Further work should be undertaken in other regions of Poland and other European countries with particular attention paid to testing seropositivity in all HSs, particularly in the MS patient population, to evaluate the impact of HSs on MS patients in different environments.

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The High Prevalence of the Varicella Zoster Virus in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in the North of Iran

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Varicella infection in the Middle East: Prevalence, complications, and vaccination

Varicella infection in the Middle East: Prevalence, complications, and vaccination

Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in the North of Iran

Herpesviridae Seropositivity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: First Polish Study

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