The historical ecological footprint: From over-population to over-consumption

Gergely, Tóth; Szigeti, Cecília

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.040

Cited by 123 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ecology in and ecology of cities are in fact complementary research and modeling approaches that are both needed for full understanding of urban social–ecological systems. Although it is beyond our scope here, the two paradigms may well have implications and connections with still other urban theories, such as those of ecological footprints (Toth and Szigeti ), industrial ecology (Chertow ), power laws of urban size (Bettencourt and West ), political ecology (Bennett ), the megaregion (Marull et al. ), the metacity (McGrath and Shane ), and the continuum of urbanity (Boone et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although it is beyond our scope here, the two paradigms may well have implications and connections with still other urban theories, such as those of ecological footprints (Toth and Szigeti 2016), industrial ecology (Chertow 2000), power laws of urban size (Bettencourt and West 2010), political ecology (Bennett 2010), the megaregion (Marull et al 2013), the metacity (McGrath and Shane 2012), and the continuum of urbanity (Boone et al 2014).…”

Section: Pickett Et Almentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evolution and future of urban ecological science: ecology in, of, and for the city

Pickett

Cadenasso

Childers

et al. 2016

Ecosyst Health Sustain

207

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The contrast between ecology in cities and ecology of cities has emphasized the increasing scope of urban ecosystem research. Ecology in focuses on terrestrial and aquatic patches within cities, suburbs, and exurbs as analogs of non‐urban habitats. Urban fabric outside analog patches is considered to be inhospitable matrix. Ecology of the city differs from ecology in by treating entire urban mosaics as social–ecological systems. Ecology of urban ecosystems incorporates biological, social, and built components. Originally posed as a metaphor to visualize disciplinary evolution, this paper suggests that the contrast has conceptual, empirical, and methodological contents. That is, the contrast constitutes a disciplinary or “local” paradigm shift. The paradigm change between ecology in and ecology of represents increased complexity, moving from focus on biotic communities to holistic social–ecological systems. A third paradigm, ecology for the city, has emerged due to concern for urban sustainability. While ecology for includes the knowledge generated by both ecology in and ecology of, it considers researchers as a part of the system, and acknowledges that they may help envision and advance the social goals of urban sustainability. Using urban heterogeneity as a key urban feature, the three paradigms are shown to contrast in five important ways: disciplinary focus, the relevant theory of spatial heterogeneity, the technology for representing spatial structure, the resulting classification of urban mosaics, and the nature of application to sustainability. Ecology for the city encourages ecologists to engage with other specialists and urban dwellers to shape a more sustainable urban future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Pickett Et Almentioning

confidence: 98%

Evolution and future of urban ecological science: ecology in, of, and for the city

Pickett

Cadenasso

Childers

et al. 2016

Ecosyst Health Sustain

207

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The carbon footprint is usually expressed in terms of physical units (g, kg or t) of CO2 ( The carbon footprint is also used as a component of the ecological footprint (see for example Wackernagel et al 1999;Toth and Szigeti 2016). In this case, the carbon footprint is measured in land units.…”

Section: Methods and Tools Of Carbon Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty years of carbon accounting and auditing – a review and outlook

Csutora

Harangozó

2017

Soc Ec

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This paper aims to provide an overview of the key themes in the development of carbon accounting and auditing over the past twentytwenty years. The evolution of the field since the Kyoto Agreement of 1997 has been divided into four stages. The need to account for and disclosure of greenhouse gas-related emissions of industrial organizations has emerged parallel to growing concerns about climate change, and international and national policy developments in the field have followed. Carbon accounting is an emerging field of business economics and covers a wide range of activities, including the measurement, calculation, monitoring, reporting and auditing of greenhouse gas emissions at organizational, process, product or supply chain levels. Various initiatives (such as the Greenhouse Gas Protocol or the Carbon Disclosure Project) motivate and assist industrial organizations in accounting for and reporting their achievements in the field. Different methodologies of carbon accounting (bottom-up, top-down and hybrid) enable industrial organizations to quantify their emissions; however, some tradeoffs emerge when choosing among these approaches. Carbon accounting should not be an isolated task for businesses. On the contrary, there is a strong need to integrate carbon accounting issues into different functional fields in order to achieve both corporate and climate policy goals. JEL-codes: F23, M14, Q56

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“…The oversimplified linear population-environment relationship is problematic (Durham, 1995;Gray & Moseley, 2005;Oldham, 2006), ignoring many other rigorously studied and well-supported factors (i.e. migration, technology, wealth, consumption, markets, governance structures and power) (Borgerhoff-Mulder & Copolillo, 2005;Steneck, 2009;Toth & Szigeti, 2016). In this paper, we argue that attributing overfishing to Malthusian population-environment dynamics omits or conceals important mediating drivers of overfishing, unfairly blames fishers in the small-scale sector particularly from developing countries, and diverts accountability from net importers of seafood who benefit from and even drive increased fisheries harvest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing overfishing: Moving beyond Malthus for effective and equitable solutions

et al. 2017

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Inaccurate or incomplete diagnosis of the root causes of overfishing can lead to misguided and ineffective fisheries policies and programmes. The “Malthusian overfishing narrative” suggests that overfishing is driven by too many fishers chasing too few fish and that fishing effort grows proportionately to human population growth, requiring policy interventions that reduce fisher access, the number of fishers, or the human population. By neglecting other drivers of overfishing that may be more directly related to fishing pressure and provide more tangible policy levers for achieving fisheries sustainability, Malthusian overfishing relegates blame to regions of the world with high population growth rates, while consumers, corporations and political systems responsible for these other mediating drivers remain unexamined. While social–ecological systems literature has provided alternatives to the Malthusian paradigm, its focus on institutions and organized social units often fails to address fundamental issues of power and politics that have inhibited the design and implementation of effective fisheries policy. Here, we apply a political ecology lens to unpack Malthusian overfishing and, relying upon insights derived from the social sciences, reconstruct the narrative incorporating four exemplar mediating drivers: technology and innovation, resource demand and distribution, marginalization and equity, and governance and management. We argue that a more nuanced understanding of such factors will lead to effective and equitable fisheries policies and programmes, by identifying a suite of policy levers designed to address the root causes of overfishing in diverse contexts.

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The historical ecological footprint: From over-population to over-consumption

Cited by 123 publications

References 21 publications

Evolution and future of urban ecological science: ecology in, of, and for the city

Evolution and future of urban ecological science: ecology in, of, and for the city

Twenty years of carbon accounting and auditing – a review and outlook

Reconstructing overfishing: Moving beyond Malthus for effective and equitable solutions

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