The history and current status of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease in Pacific salmon

Fryer, J. L.; Lannan, C. N.

doi:10.1016/0165-7836(93)90004-q

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by the fastidious, slow-growing gram-positive bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum, is a severe systemic infectious disease of wild and hatchery-reared salmonids worldwide (Toranzo et al 1990, Sakai & Kobayashi 1992, Fryer & Lannan 1993. Long implicated in catastrophic losses among hatchery populations of juvenile Pacific salmonids (Earp et al 1953), the disease has emerged as the major factor limiting successful captive rearing of endangered salmon species in western North America (Flagg et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of erythromycin and azithromycin in mature Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha after intraperitoneal injection, and in their progeny

Fairgrieve

Masada²,

Peterson³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of erythromycin and azithromycin in mature Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha after intraperitoneal injection, and in their progeny

Fairgrieve

Masada²,

Peterson³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by the fastidious, slow-growing Gram-positive bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum, is a severe systemic infectious disease of wild and hatchery-reared salmonids worldwide (Toranzo et al 1990, Sakai & Kobayashi 1992, Fryer & Lannan 1993. BKD has long been implicated in catastrophic losses among hatchery populations of juvenile Pacific salmonids (Earp et al 1953) and has been cited as the major factor limiting successful captive rearing of endangered salmon species in western North America (Flagg et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and its derivative, azithromycin, in juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Fairgrieve

Masada²,

McAuley³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were fed practical diets medicated with azithromycin (30 mg kg -1 fish for 14 d) or erythromycin (100 mg kg -1 fish for 28 d) either 1, 2, or 3 times beginning 14 d after initiation of exogenous feeding (February) and ending at smoltification (June). Average tissue concentrations of azithromycin increased from 19.0 µg g -1 in fry to 44.9 µg g -1 in smolts, and persisted in the tissues > 76 d after treatment ceased. Tissue concentrations of erythromycin were comparatively low, ranging from 0.2 µg g -1 in fry to 10.4 µg g -1 in smolts. Erythromycin was not detectable 21 d post-treatment. Neither antibiotic caused histopathologically significant lesions in the trunk kidney or other organ tissues. The high tissue concentrations and prolonged retention of azithromycin in Chinook may be factors that increase the efficacy of the antibiotic against Renibacterium salmoninarum, compared with erythromycin, particularly in early life history stages before covertly infected fish show clinical signs of disease. KEY WORDS: Macrolide pharmacokinetics · Bacterial kidney disease · Juvenile · Chinook salmon Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 64: [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] 2005 activity against R. salmoninarum (Fryer 1987) and has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in experimentally infected juvenile salmonids (Strom et al. 2000).The improved pharmacokinetic profile, broad spectrum of activity, and superior performance in controlling facultative intracellular pathogens make azithromycin an important antimicrobial drug to test for its ability to control Renibacterium salmoninarum. Although patterns of erythromycin accumulation and depletion in yearling Chinook salmon have been previously evaluated (Moffitt & Schreck 1988), the pharmacokinetic behavior of azithromycin in fish is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the uptake, retention and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and azithromycin by fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during the first feeding to smolt stage. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental fish and husbandry. In January 1999, unfed fall Chinook salmon fry (initial weight 0.42 g) obtained from the University of Washington research hatchery located at Big Beef Creek, Seabeck, WA, were counted into samples of 25 fish and distributed sequentially to 14 tanks until each contained 225 fish. The experiment was conducted in 1.83 m diameter (1250 l) circular polyethylene tanks. Temperature (10°C) and flow (10 l min -1 ) were held constant throughout the experiment. Natural photoperiod was simulated in the laboratory with 2 levels of incandescent lighting, and adjustments in day length were made daily.The fish were acclimated to laboratory conditions for 14 d, and fed to apparent satiation 4 to 6 times daily with a semi-moist starter diet (BioOregon starter diet, BioOregon). Thereafter, a growth model based on the delta-l method (Butterbaugh & Willoughby 1967) was used to ca...

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“…Infection trials, applying various techniques, have been carried out in economically important salmonid species (Fryer & Lannan 1993), especially rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pascho et al 1997, Senson & Stevenson 1999, Jansson et al 2008 and Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Murray et al 1992, McKibben & Pascho 1999, Alcorn et al 2005, Metzger et al 2010, Elliott et al 2015. Other species, including Arctic charr, have received less attention: we were able to locate only 2 papers, where Arctic charr, along with other salmonids, were infected with R. salmoninarum by intraperitoneal (i.p.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental challenges with Renibacterium salmoninarum in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Guðmundsdóttir

Kristmundsson²,

Árnason³

2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The history and current status of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease in Pacific salmon

Cited by 72 publications

References 99 publications

Concentrations of erythromycin and azithromycin in mature Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha after intraperitoneal injection, and in their progeny

Concentrations of erythromycin and azithromycin in mature Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha after intraperitoneal injection, and in their progeny

Accumulation and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and its derivative, azithromycin, in juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Experimental challenges with Renibacterium salmoninarum in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

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