The History and Theory of Children’s Citizenship in Contemporary Societies

Participation as a right to the city: Iranian children’s perspectives about their inclusion in urban decision‐making

“…As a result, if urban planners draw on this cultural normative framework that is codified in contradictory legal principles treating children as passive and dependent, this simply reinforces their monopoly of power in the planning system (Milne, 2013). But as Hengst (2001) argues, the contrast between children and adults cannot be represented in the traditional format in which children must be qualified and adults are fully qualified.…”

A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty

“…Children are politically vulnerable because they cannot effectively change their political position and they depend on the rights they are granted by others (Milne 2013). Children cannot fight for their rights in the way adults can, and they cannot organize themselves in a comparable manner that would gather them political influence.…”

Children’s participation idea and practice: Korczak’s inspirations and contemporary faces

“…He put an accent not only on the value of a child as a human being, i.e. not only he talked about child's freedom, child's subjectivity and child's potentials to have voice and make reasonable choices (what others before him had already done) but also he was the first one who nominated a child to be a citizen (Cockburn, 2013;Jarosz, 2013;Krappmann, 2013;Milne, 2013): a citizen in the meaning of being a full-righted member of a society. What was a revolutionary idea in his times, Korczak considered a child as an actual citizen, not as becoming, in the process of preparation or the future citizenship.…”

“…He stated that a child is already a citizen. In this meaning, Korczak's idea of a child became the most influential and primal for the contemporary concept of children's citizenship (Milne, 2013).…”