The History of Biological Weapons Use: What We Know and What We Don't

Carus, W. Seth

doi:10.1089/hs.2014.0092

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…It is easy to produce and spread. These are potentially linked to high disease and death rates and high health effects [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ].…”

Section: Monitoring Biological and Chemical Threats Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Sensors for Monitoring Biological and Chemical Threat Agents

2020

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Sensors are excellent options owing to their ability to figure out a large number of problems and challenges in several areas, including homeland security, defense, medicine, pharmacology, industry, environment, agriculture, food safety, and so on. Plasmonic sensors are used as detection devices that have important properties, such as rapid recognition, real-time analysis, no need labels, sensitive and selective sensing, portability, and, more importantly, simplicity in identifying target analytes. This review summarizes the state-of-art molecular recognition of biological and chemical threat agents. For this purpose, the principle of the plasmonic sensor is briefly explained and then the use of plasmonic sensors in the monitoring of a broad range of biological and chemical threat agents is extensively discussed with different types of threats according to the latest literature. A conclusion and future perspectives are added at the end of the review.

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“…It is easy to produce and spread. These are potentially linked to high disease and death rates and high health effects [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ].…”

Section: Monitoring Biological and Chemical Threats Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Sensors for Monitoring Biological and Chemical Threat Agents

2020

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“…Even though primarily used against humans, there are several incidences signifying use of biological agents against animals, agriculture, food and water. It is claimed that during 660 BC, Assyrians used mycotoxin containing rye ergot (Claviceps purpurea) to contaminate enemy water sources 6,7 . In the 20th century, during World War I (WW I), Germans allegedly used glanders (Burkholderia mallei) and anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) to infect horses while used fungi to contaminate food grain stores, intended for supplies to allied forces in Europe 8,9 .…”

Section: A Brief History Of Agroterrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroterrorism in Indian Context

2020

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In the context of change in global scenario of terrorism and economic competition, the risk of deliberate attack on agriculture is increasing. In a country, like India, whose economy is largely dependent on agriculture produce and exports, any such malicious attack can grossly destabilise the socio-economic structure. Additionally, an attack on major food crops can lead to potential threat to food security, subsequently, leading to destabilised law and order situation of a state. It is therefore very important to understand the risks and threats of agroterrorism for a given country in order to be prepared for any such circumstance. In this review we discuss different aspects of agroterrorism, its history, possibilities of such incidences in Indian scenario and mitigation strategies, which can be achieved through regular surveillance of pathogens in vulnerable crop ecosystems. We also describe a recent episode of outbreak of cotton leaf curl disease in the Northwest Indian cotton growing region and discuss it from the perspective of a possible threat on one of the most important economic crops of our country.

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“…For the curious reader, several outstanding resources provide substantially more information on historical and clinical aspects of bioagents [1,2,122]. We also note several excellent reviews on current and emerging detection methods for bioagents [2,20,25,41,119,[123][124][125], as well as methods specific to the detection of pathogens in food [112,113,126].…”

Section: Further Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%