“…The significance of science education, particularly in the foundational years of elementary school, cannot be overstated. In fourth grade, students are at a crucial developmental stage where they begin to form a deeper understanding of the world around them (Afnan, Munasir, Budiyanto, & Aulia, 2023;Gomes, Sivico, & Mendes, 2022). Science education at this level is essential as it not only introduces students to fundamental scientific concepts but also fosters critical thinking, curiosity, and a sense of inquiry (Chang et al, 2020;Kuruganti, 2014).…”