The history of the Bezold-Jarisch effect

Krayer, Otto

doi:10.1007/bf00244930

Cited by 68 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The activation of the cardiopulmonary afferent C-fibers by chemical substances such as serotonin or phenylbiguanide produces hypotension, bradycardia and apnea, a pattern of responses characterized as the BezoldJarisch reflex (49)(50)(51). In anesthetized rats, the activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex produces intense bradycardia and a fall in pressure which is associated with a sharp reduction in sympathetic activity (18,52).…”

Section: Subregions Of the Commissural Nts Involved In The Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii

Machado

Mauad²,

Chianca³

et al. 1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) receives afferent projections from the arterial baroreceptors, carotid chemoreceptors and cardiopulmonary receptors and as a function of this information produces autonomic adjustments in order to maintain arterial blood pressure within a narrow range of variation. The activation of each of these cardiovascular afferents produces a specific autonomic response by the excitation of neuronal projections from the NTS to the ventrolateral areas of the medulla (nucleus ambiguus, caudal and rostral ventrolateral medulla). The neurotransmitters at the NTS level as well as the excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors involved in the processing of the autonomic responses in the NTS, although extensively studied, remain to be completely elucidated. In the present review we discuss the role of the EAA L-glutamate and its different receptor subtypes in the processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the NTS. The data presented in this review related to the neurotransmission in the NTS are based on experimental evidence obtained in our laboratory in unanesthetized rats. The two major conclusions of the present review are that a) the excitation of the cardiovagal component by cardiovascular reflex activation (chemo-and Bezold-Jarisch reflexes) or by L-glutamate microinjection into the NTS is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and b) the sympatho-excitatory component of the chemoreflex and the pressor response to L-glutamate microinjected into the NTS are not affected by an NMDA receptor antagonist, suggesting that the sympatho-excitatory component of these responses is mediated by non-NMDA receptors.

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Section: Subregions Of the Commissural Nts Involved In The Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii

Machado

Mauad²,

Chianca³

et al. 1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…This phenomenon, originally described and characterized by Bezold, Hirt, Richter, and Jarisch, is known as the BezoldJarisch reflex (18).…”

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confidence: 98%

Modulation of cardiopulmonary depressor reflex in nucleus ambiguus by electroacupuncture: roles of opioids and γ-aminobutyric acid

Tjen‐A‐Looi

Longhurst

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Stimulation of cardiopulmonary receptors with phenylbiguanide (PBG) elicits depressor cardiovascular reflex responses, including decreases in blood pressure and heart rate mediated in part by the brain stem parasympathetic cardiac neurons in the nucleus ambiguus (NAmb). The present study examined NAmb neurotransmitter mechanisms underlying the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) on the PBG-induced hypotension and bradycardia. We hypothesized that somatic stimulation during EA modulates PBG responses through opioid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation in the NAmb. Anesthetized and ventilated cats were studied during repeated stimulation with PBG or cardiac vagal afferents while low-frequency EA (2 Hz) was applied at P5-6 acupoints overlying the median nerve for 30 min and NAmb neuronal activity, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded. Microinjection of kainic acid into the NAmb attenuated the PBG-induced bradycardia from -60 ± 11 to -36 ± 11 beats/min. Likewise, EA reduced the PBG-induced depressor and bradycardia reflex by 52 and 61%, respectively. Cardiac vagal afferent evoked preganglionic cellular activity in the NAmb was reduced by EA for about 60 min. Blockade of opioid or GABA(A) receptors using naloxone and gabazine reversed the EA-related modulation of the evoked cardiac vagal activity by 73 and 53%, respectively. Similarly, naloxone and gabazine reversed EA modulation of the negative chronotropic responses from -11 ± 5 to -23 ± 6 and -13 ± 4 to -24 ± 3 beats/min, respectively. Thus EA at P5-6 decreases PBG evoked hypotension and bradycardia as well as the NAmb PBG-sensitive preganglionic cardiac vagal outflow through opioid and GABA neurotransmitter systems.

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“…The Bezold-Jarisch reflex (also termed the cardiopulmonary chemoreflex) was initially discovered as a powerful depressor and cardiac slowing response to veratridine alkaloids (34) and is mediated by polymodal receptors located on myelinated and unmyelinated vagal afferents from cardiopulmonary area that are activated physiologically via mechanical and/or chemical stimuli as shown in extensive studies performed on dogs and cats by Colleridges, Paintal, Dawes, and Thoren (14,15,19,43,44,68). In the rat the equivalent fibers are unmyelinated afferents only which exhibit low or high activation thresholds (66,67).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of NTS A₁adenosine receptors inhibits regional sympathetic responses evoked by activation of cardiopulmonary chemoreflex

Ichinose

Minic

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Previously we have shown that adenosine operating via the A1receptor subtype may inhibit glutamatergic transmission in the baroreflex arc within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and differentially increase renal (RSNA), preganglionic adrenal (pre-ASNA), and lumbar (LSNA) sympathetic nerve activity (ASNA>RSNA≥LSNA). Since the cardiopulmonary chemoreflex and the arterial baroreflex are mediated via similar medullary pathways, and glutamate is a primary transmitter in both pathways, it is likely that adenosine operating via A1receptors in the NTS may differentially inhibit regional sympathetic responses evoked by activation of cardiopulmonary chemoreceptors. Therefore, in urethane-chloralose-anesthetized rats ( n = 37) we compared regional sympathoinhibition evoked by the cardiopulmonary chemoreflex (activated with right atrial injections of serotonin 5HT3receptor agonist phenylbiguanide, PBG, 1–8 μg/kg) before and after selective stimulation of NTS A1adenosine receptors [microinjections of N6-cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA), 0.033–330 pmol/50 nl]. Activation of cardiopulmonary chemoreceptors evoked differential, dose-dependent sympathoinhibition (RSNA>ASNA>LSNA), and decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate. These differential sympathetic responses were uniformly attenuated in dose-dependent manner by microinjections of CPA into the NTS. Volume control ( n = 11) and blockade of adenosine receptor subtypes in the NTS via 8-( p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8-SPT, 1 nmol in 100 nl) ( n = 9) did not affect the reflex responses. We conclude that activation of NTS A1adenosine receptors uniformly inhibits neural and cardiovascular cardiopulmonary chemoreflex responses. A1adenosine receptors have no tonic modulatory effect on this reflex under normal conditions. However, when adenosine is released into the NTS (i.e., during stress or severe hypotension/ischemia), it may serve as negative feedback regulator for depressor and sympathoinhibitory reflexes integrated in the NTS.

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The history of the Bezold-Jarisch effect

Cited by 68 publications

References 6 publications

Autonomic processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii

Autonomic processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii

Modulation of cardiopulmonary depressor reflex in nucleus ambiguus by electroacupuncture: roles of opioids and γ-aminobutyric acid

Activation of NTS A₁adenosine receptors inhibits regional sympathetic responses evoked by activation of cardiopulmonary chemoreflex

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The history of the Bezold-Jarisch effect

Cited by 68 publications

References 6 publications

Autonomic processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii

Autonomic processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii

Modulation of cardiopulmonary depressor reflex in nucleus ambiguus by electroacupuncture: roles of opioids and γ-aminobutyric acid

Activation of NTS A1adenosine receptors inhibits regional sympathetic responses evoked by activation of cardiopulmonary chemoreflex

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Activation of NTS A₁adenosine receptors inhibits regional sympathetic responses evoked by activation of cardiopulmonary chemoreflex