The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Adaptive Dynamics

Brännström, Åke; Johansson, Jacob; Festenberg, Niels von

doi:10.3390/g4030304

Cited by 153 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…To examine how hydrodynamic interactions impact biofilm evolution, we embedded the mechanistic model presented above within an adaptive dynamics framework (60,93). This analysis examines whether a new genotype is able to invade and displace a porous environment already colonized by "resident" genotype.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To resolve how the bacterial growth rate would evolve over many successive rounds of competition, we embedded our mechanistic model of flow-biofilm interaction within a game theoretical framework known as adaptive dynamics (60). Specifically, this invasion analysis tests whether a novel genotype that grows at rate αM will be able to increase in frequency and ultimately supplant a population of biofilms that grow at rate αR based on their relative fitness (Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…60), which systematically delineates the growth rates for which a novel mutant can invade and displace the resident population. This representation then allows a generalized way to infer the trajectory of a population's growth rate over evolutionary timescales (60).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial competition in porous environments can select against rapid biofilm growth

Coyte

Tabuteau

Gaffney

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

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Microbes often live in dense communities called biofilms, where competition between strains and species is fundamental to both evolution and community function. Although biofilms are commonly found in soil-like porous environments, the study of microbial interactions has largely focused on biofilms growing on flat, planar surfaces. Here, we use microfluidic experiments, mechanistic models, and game theory to study how porous media hydrodynamics can mediate competition between bacterial genotypes. Our experiments reveal a fundamental challenge faced by microbial strains that live in porous environments: cells that rapidly form biofilms tend to block their access to fluid flow and redirect resources to competitors. To understand how these dynamics influence the evolution of bacterial growth rates, we couple a model of flow-biofilm interaction with a game theory analysis. This investigation revealed that hydrodynamic interactions between competing genotypes give rise to an evolutionarily stable growth rate that stands in stark contrast with that observed in typical laboratory experiments: cells within a biofilm can outcompete other genotypes by growing more slowly. Our work reveals that hydrodynamics can profoundly affect how bacteria compete and evolve in porous environments, the habitat where most bacteria live. bacterial evolution | porous media flow | clogging | game theory | adaptive dynamics M odern microbiology relies on growing cells in liquid cultures and agar plates. Although these conditions offer high throughput and repeatability, they lack the complex physical and chemical landscapes that microbes experience in their natural environments. This environmental heterogeneity is increasingly recognized to exert a powerful influence on microbial ecology across a wide diversity of habitats, ranging from the ocean to the human gut (1-4). Although advances in sequencing technology now allow us to resolve how the genetic composition of microbial communities changes in response to environmental conditions (5, 6), we often lack a mechanistic understanding of the underlying processes. Novel empirical approaches, which simulate the conditions found in realistic microbial habitats, are needed to understand the strategies that cells use to gain an advantage over their competitors (7).The overwhelming majority of bacteria live in porous environments between the particles that compose soil, aquifers, and sediments, and cumulatively comprise roughly half of the carbon within living organisms globally (8). Cells in porous environments typically reside in surface attached structures known as biofilms (9), in which diverse bacterial genotypes live under intense competition for limited resources (10, 11). Recent efforts have identified specialized mechanisms that cells use to gain advantage over competing genotypes in biofilms, ranging from the secretion of toxins to polymer production and metabolic regulation (12-18). Whereas genotypic competition is most frequently studied in biofilms growing on simple flat surfaces (19-21...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microbial competition in porous environments can select against rapid biofilm growth

Coyte

Tabuteau

Gaffney

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

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“…Fourth, metacommunities are assembled evolutionarily as well as ecologically, using methods of adaptive dynamics theory (32,33). We not only ask whether specific trait mixtures can coexist ecologically, but also determine the mixtures likely to emerge through repeated rounds of immigration, mutation, and selection on an evolving fitness landscape.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Multitrait successional forest dynamics enable diverse competitive coexistence

Falster

Brännström

Westoby

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

120

123

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To explain diversity in forests, niche theory must show how multiple plant species coexist while competing for the same resources. Although successional processes are widespread in forests, theoretical work has suggested that differentiation in successional strategy allows only a few species stably to coexist, including only a single shade tolerant. However, this conclusion is based on current niche models, which encode a very simplified view of plant communities, suggesting that the potential for niche differentiation has remained unexplored. Here, we show how extending successional niche models to include features common to all vegetation-height-structured competition for light under a prevailing disturbance regime and two trait-mediated tradeoffs in plant function-enhances the diversity of species that can be maintained, including a diversity of shade tolerants. We identify two distinct axes of potential niche differentiation, corresponding to the traits leaf mass per unit leaf area and height at maturation. The first axis allows for coexistence of different shade tolerances and the second axis for coexistence among species with the same shade tolerance. Addition of this second axis leads to communities with a high diversity of shade tolerants. Niche differentiation along the second axis also generates regions of trait space wherein fitness is almost equalized, an outcome we term "evolutionarily emergent near-neutrality." For different environmental conditions, our model predicts diverse vegetation types and trait mixtures, akin to observations. These results indicate that the outcomes of successional niche differentiation are richer than previously thought and potentially account for mixtures of traits and species observed in forests worldwide.T he central challenge of community ecology is to discern the rules governing the assembly of species and growth types. The problem is acute for vegetation, because trait differences do not differentiate species in terms of resource requirement (1-3). However, most forests accommodate tens to hundreds of plant species (1, 2, 4). Hence, niche-based theories of biodiversity have sought to identify mechanisms through which multiple species can coexist while competing for a single resource such as light (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Tradeoffs in plant function are key, because they prevent one species from monopolizing available resources. In particular, a tradeoff between growth in high light and survival in low light (shade tolerance) has been shown theoretically to allow different successional types (species with different shade tolerances) to coexist in vegetation subject to recurrent disturbance (8). In tropical forests, diverse assemblages are distributed along this growth-mortality axis (11, 12), suggesting that this tradeoff is potentially important for community assembly. However, species in the field are distributed unevenly along this axis, with a proliferation of species clustered at the slow-growing, shade-tolerant end (4, 11, 13). By contrast, in existing niche mod...

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“…a proxy to the invasion fitness [10]. In the case of pathogen evolution this role is played by the reproduction number.…”

Section: Minimizing the Case Fatality Proportionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the principle of host evolution in host–pathogen interactions

Martcheva

Tuncer

Kim

2016

Journal of Biological Dynamics

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In this paper, we use a two-host one pathogen immuno-epidemiological model to argue that the principle for host evolution, when the host is subjected to a fatal disease, is minimization of the case fatality proportion F . This principle is valid whether the disease is chronic or leads to recovery. In the case of continuum of hosts, stratified by their immune response stimulation rate a, we suggest that F (a) has a minimum because a trade-off exists between virulence to the host induced by the pathogen and virulence induced by the immune response. We find that the minimization of the case fatality proportion is an evolutionary stable strategy for the host. ARTICLE HISTORY

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The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Adaptive Dynamics

Cited by 153 publications

References 77 publications

Microbial competition in porous environments can select against rapid biofilm growth

Microbial competition in porous environments can select against rapid biofilm growth

Multitrait successional forest dynamics enable diverse competitive coexistence

On the principle of host evolution in host–pathogen interactions

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