The homeland of Proto-Tungusic inferred from contemporary words and ancient genomes

Wang, Chuan‐Chao; Robbeets, Martine

doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.8

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Modern Eurasian population genomic history has also documented large-scale westerneastern Eurasian admixtures and massive population movement (Yunusbayev et al, 2015). In terms of language diversity, modern populations belonging to Indo-European, Uralic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic families/groups have been widely distributed in Eurasia (Wang and Robbeets, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process

Liu

Yang

Li³

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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The ancestral origin and genomic history of Chinese Hui people remain to be explored due to the paucity of genome-wide data. Some evidence argues that an eastward migration of Central Asians gave rise to modern Hui people, which is referred to as the demic diffusion hypothesis; other evidence favors the cultural diffusion hypothesis, which posits that East Asians adopted Muslim culture to form the modern culturally distinct populations. However, the extent to which the observed genetic structure of the Huis was mediated by the movement of people or the assimilation of Muslim culture also remains highly contentious. Analyses of over 700 K SNPs in 109 western Chinese individuals (49 Sichuan Huis and 60 geographically close Nanchong Hans) together with the available ancient and modern Eurasian sequences allowed us to fully explore the genomic makeup and origin of Hui and neighboring Han populations. The results from PCA, ADMIXTURE, and allele-sharing-based f-statistics revealed a strong genomic affinity between Sichuan Huis and Neolithic-to-modern Northern East Asians, which suggested a massive gene influx from East Asians into the Sichuan Hui people. Three-way admixture models in the qpWave/qpAdm analyses further revealed a small stream of gene influx from western Eurasians into the Sichuan Hui people, which was further directly confirmed via the admixture event from the temporally distinct Western sources to Sichuan Hui people in the qpGraph-based phylogenetic model, suggesting the key role of the cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation of the Sichuan Huis. ALDER-based admixture date estimation showed that this observed western Eurasian admixture signal was introduced into the Sichuan Huis during the historic periods, which was concordant with the extensive western–eastern communication along the Silk Road and historically documented Huis' migration history. In summary, although significant cultural differentiation exists between Hui people and their neighbors, our genomic analysis showed their strong genetic affinity with modern and ancient Northern East Asians. Our results support the hypothesis that the Sichuan Huis arose from a mixture of minor western Eurasian ancestry and predominant East Asian ancestry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process

Liu

Yang

Li³

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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“…The co-represention of C4b and D3 in the Neolithic mtDNA genomes sampled from Yakutia (with high confidence) [ 50 ], suggests that the ancestry of the Yukaghir is multipartite and derived from the area that encompassed the East Sayan, Lena/Aldan valleys, and the northwestern vicinity of Lake Baikal. The Yukaghir ancestors were apparently interrupted by the expansion of the Tungus-speaking people who arrived from the Siberian taiga but whose original homeland was the area around Lake Khanka in the southern part of Primorye [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial genome diversity on the Central Siberian Plateau with particular reference to the prehistory of northernmost Eurasia

et al. 2021

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The Central Siberian Plateau was the last geographic area in Eurasia to become habitable by modern humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Through a comprehensive dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes retained in the remnats of earlier (“Old”) Siberians, primarily the Ket, Tofalar, and Todzhi, we explored genetic links between the Yenisei-Sayan region and Northeast Eurasia (best represented by the Yukaghir) over the last 10,000 years. We generated 218 new complete mtDNA sequences and placed them into compound phylogenies with 7 newly obtained and 70 published ancient mitochondrial genomes. We have considerably extended the mtDNA sequence diversity (at the entire mtDNA genome level) of autochthonous Siberians, which remain poorly sampled, and these new data may have a broad impact on the study of human migration. We compared present-day mtDNA diversity in these groups with complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient samples from the region and placed the samples into combined genealogical trees. The resulting components were used to clarify the origins and expansion history of mtDNA lineages that evolved in the refugia of south-central Siberia and beyond, as well as multiple phases of connection between this region and distant parts of Eurasia.

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“…Modern Eurasian population genomic history also documented the large-scale western-eastern Eurasian admixture and massive population movement (Yunusbayev et al, 2015). Focused on language diversity, modern populations belonging to Indo-European, Uralic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic families/groups have widely distributed in Eurasia (Wang and Robbeets, 2020). From the cultural perspectives, significantly different steppe-pastoralist-associated cultures subsequently replaced or mixed with the existing incoming contemporaneous cultures, such as the cultural evolutionary sequence of the Yamnaya, Afanasievo, Sintashta, Andronovo, and other historic cultures (Allentoft et al, 2015;Damgaard et al, 2018;de Barros Damgaard et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant East Asian affinity of Chinese Hui genomic structure suggesting their predominant cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation process

Liu

Yang

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ancestral origin and genomic history of Chinese Hui people remain to be explored due to the paucity of genome-wide data. Some evidence argued that an eastward migration of Central Asian given rise to modern Hui people, which was inferred as the demic diffusion hypothesis, and others favored the cultural diffusion hypothesis that posited indigenous East Asian adopted Muslim-like culture and formed the modern culturally different populations. However, the extent to which the observed Hui’s genetic structure was mediated by the movement of people or the assimilation of Muslim culture also remains one of the most contentious puzzles. Analyses of over 700K SNPs in 109 western Chinese individuals (49 Sichuan Hui and 60 geographically close Nanchong Han) together with the available ancient and modern Eurasians allowed us to fully explore the genomic makeup and origin of Huis and neighboring Hans. The results of the traditional and formal admixture-statistics (PCA, ADMIXTURE, and allele-sharing-based f-statistics) illuminated a strong genomic affinity between Sichuan Hui and Neolithic-to-modern Northern East Asians, which suggested massive gene influx from East Asian into Sichuan Hui people. Three-way admixture models in the qpWave/qpAdm analyses further revealed a small stream of gene influx from western Eurasian related to French or Andronovo into these Hui people, which was further directly confirmed via the admixture event from the temporally different western sources to Hui people in the qpGraph-based phylogenetic model, suggesting the key role of cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation of the modern East Asian Hui. ALDER-based admixture date estimation showed that this observed western Eurasian admixture signal was introduced into East Asian Hui during the historic periods, concordant with the extensive western-eastern communication in the Silk Road and historically documented Hui’s migration history. Summarily, although significant cultural differentiation among Hui and their neighbors existed, our genomic analysis showed their strong affinity with modern and ancient Northern East Asians. Our results supported that modern Chinese Hui arose from the mixture of minor western Eurasian ancestry and predominantly East Asian ancestry.

show abstract

The homeland of Proto-Tungusic inferred from contemporary words and ancient genomes

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process

Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process

Mitochondrial genome diversity on the Central Siberian Plateau with particular reference to the prehistory of northernmost Eurasia

Significant East Asian affinity of Chinese Hui genomic structure suggesting their predominant cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation process

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