The Host-Pathogen Game: An Evolutionary Approach to Biological Competitions

Javarone, Marco Alberto

doi:10.3389/fphy.2018.00094

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Cooperators make a contribution typically of unitary value, while defectors contribute nothing. CAG does not include cooperators or defectors, yet the contribution cu resembles the coin paid by cooperators in the PGG, although it might have a fractional value (see also [33]). In this context, cu represents the adoption costs of new technology and the consequences of using it, e.g.…”

Section: The Crypto-asset Gamementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of sustainable blockchains

Javarone

Gabriele

et al. 2022

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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The energy sustainability of blockchains, whose consensus protocol rests on the Proof-of-Work, nourishes a heated debate. The underlying issue lies in a highly energy-consuming process, defined as mining, required to validate crypto-asset transactions. Mining is the process of solving a cryptographic puzzle, incentivized by the possibility of gaining a reward. The higher the number of users performing mining, i.e. miners, the higher the overall electricity consumption of a blockchain. For that reason, mining constitutes a negative environmental externality. Here, we study whether miners’ interests can meet the collective need to curb energy consumption. To this end, we introduce the Crypto-Asset Game, namely a model based on the framework of Evolutionary Game Theory devised for studying the dynamics of a population whose agents can play as crypto-asset users or as miners. The proposed model, studied via numerical simulations, reveals a rich spectrum of possible steady states. Interestingly, by setting the miners’ reward in the function of the population size, agents reach a strategy profile that optimizes global energy consumption. To conclude, can a Proof-of-Work-based blockchain become energetically sustainable? Our results suggest that blockchain protocol parameters could have a relevant role in the global energy consumption of this technology.

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Section: The Crypto-asset Gamementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of sustainable blockchains

Javarone

Gabriele

et al. 2022

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, an emerging trend in modeling HPI is to extend and represent game-theoretical models with graphs and lattices adding spatial and stochastic characteristics. With these multi-scale models using methods of agent-based modeling, the invasion of bacteria [72] and lung infections by A. fumigatus have been modeled [104].…”

Section: Costs and Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in mathematical modeling of host–pathogen interactions

Ewald

Sieber

Garde

et al. 2019

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Pathogenic microorganisms entail enormous problems for humans, livestock, and crop plants. A better understanding of the different infection strategies of the pathogens enables us to derive optimal treatments to mitigate infectious diseases or develop vaccinations preventing the occurrence of infections altogether. In this review, we highlight the current trends in mathematical modeling approaches and related methods used for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Since these interactions can be described on vastly different temporal and spatial scales as well as abstraction levels, a variety of computational and mathematical approaches are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on dynamic optimization, game theory, and spatial modeling, as they are attracting more and more interest in systems biology. Furthermore, these approaches are often combined to illuminate the complexities of the interactions between pathogens and their host. We also discuss the phenomena of molecular mimicry and crypsis as well as the interplay between defense and counter defense. As a conclusion, we provide an overview of method characteristics to assist non-experts in their decision for modeling approaches and interdisciplinary understanding.

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“…However, researchers in the last few decades have witnessed a move away from the point of view that 'evolution as stage, while ecology as play' towards the understanding that considerable evolutionary change can actually take place on the basis of short time scales, i.e. only for the next few generations [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eco-evolutionary dynamics of strategic species

Roy,

Ghosh,

Saha

et al. 2024

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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Much research has in recent years been devoted to better our understanding of the intricate relationships between ecology and the evolutionary success of species. These explorations have often focused on understanding the complex interplay among ecological factors and evolutionary rhythms of the species in various environments. Central to these studies is the concept of the survival of the fittest, proposed by Charles Darwin, where evolutionary circumstances, often portrayed as social dilemmas, favour the welfare of self-interested over others. To further advance this line of research, we here develop a theoretical framework that features three interconnected traits in an evolutionary setting, namely: prey, predator and parasite, each adopting distinct strategies akin to a social dilemma and resembling a Rock-Paper-Scissors scenario. These traits, which we term strategic species, adhere to the eco-evolutionary game dynamics. We further extend our analysis by conducting a sensitivity assessment of the system’s payoff parameters using the Sobol indices.

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The Host-Pathogen Game: An Evolutionary Approach to Biological Competitions

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Evolutionary dynamics of sustainable blockchains

Evolutionary dynamics of sustainable blockchains

Trends in mathematical modeling of host–pathogen interactions

The eco-evolutionary dynamics of strategic species

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