The human gut microbiota and virome: Potential therapeutic implications

Scarpellini, Emidio; Ianiro, Gianluca; Attili, Fabia; Bassanelli, C.; Santis, Adriano De; Gasbarrini, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2015.07.008

Cited by 255 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Phages are a major vehicle for horizontal gene transfer in the human gut and thereby largely influence bacterial evolution, diversity and metabolism 6,7,20 . Thus, the transfer of undesired phage-encoded genes, such as those conferring antibiotic resistance 29 or bacterial virulence 30 may be a consequence of FMT-transmitted phages and should be avoided by better understanding of the virome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable core virome despite variable microbiome after fecal transfer

et al. 2016

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We recently described the 4.5-year time course of the enteric bacterial microbiota and virome of a patient cured from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Here, we extended the virome analyses and found the patient's phage population to exhibit highly donor-similar characteristics following FMT, which remained stable for the whole period tested (up to 7 months). Moreover, the detected viral populations of donor and patient exhibited comparable diversity and richness. These findings were unexpected since enteric viromes are normally highly variable, assumed to influence the bacterial host community and change with environmental conditions. In contrast to the virome, the bacterial microbiota varied indeed for more than 7 months with ongoing dysbiosis before it reached donor similarity. Our findings that are based on sequence information and protein domain analysis seem to suggest that stable phage properties correlate with successful FMT better than the changing bacterial communities. We speculate that we here preferentially detected a stable core virome, which dominated over a variable flexible virome that may have been too heterogeneous for experimental detection or was underrepresented in the databases. It will be interesting to analyze whether the enteric virome allows predictions for the clinical outcome of FMT for rCDI and other diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable core virome despite variable microbiome after fecal transfer

et al. 2016

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“…Although increasing evidence on gut virome9 and gut mycome10 is appearing, most of the available data on our microbiota still concern bacteria. The majority (>90%) of bacteria identified in human stools and/or intestinal mucosa belong to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla.…”

Section: Effects Of Antibiotics On Gut Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics as deep modulators of gut microbiota: between good and evil

Ianiro

Tilg

Gasbarrini

2016

Gut

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“…Indeed, several recent studies have implicated gut virome in regulating/stabilizing their host bacterial species and subsequently maintaining microbial diversity in the gastrointestinal tract (Minot et al, 2011; Abeles and Pride, 2014; Scarpellini et al, 2015). …”

Section: Identity Of Microbes Colonizing Human Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients

Eid

Wright

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the twenty-first century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining of the term “diabesity.” Recent studies have identified unique contributions of the immensely diverse gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Several mechanisms have been proposed including altered glucose and fatty acid metabolism, hepatic fatty acid storage, and modulation of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Importantly, the relationship between unhealthy diet and a modified gut microbiota composition observed in diabetic or obese subjects has been recognized. Similarly, the role of diet rich in polyphenols and plant polysaccharides in modulating gut bacteria and its impact on diabetes and obesity have been the subject of investigation by several research groups. Gut microbiota are also responsible for the extensive metabolism of polyphenols thus modulating their biological activities. The aim of this review is to shed light on the composition of gut microbes, their health importance and how they can contribute to diseases as well as their modulation by polyphenols and polysaccharides to control obesity and diabetes. In addition, the role of microbiota in improving the oral bioavailability of polyphenols and hence in shaping their antidiabetic and antiobesity activities will be discussed.

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The human gut microbiota and virome: Potential therapeutic implications

Cited by 255 publications

References 41 publications

Stable core virome despite variable microbiome after fecal transfer

Stable core virome despite variable microbiome after fecal transfer

Antibiotics as deep modulators of gut microbiota: between good and evil

Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients

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