The human mast cell: functions in physiology and disease

Abstract

Mast cells are multifunctional, tissue-dwelling cells capable of secreting a wide variety of mediators. They develop from bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, primed with stem cell factor (SCF), which mediates its actions by interacting with the SCF receptor or c-kit on the cell surface. Mast cells continue their maturation and differentiation in peripheral tissue, developing into two well described subsets of cells, MCT and MCTC cells, varying in content of tryptase and chymase as well as in immunobiology. Mast cells are activated by numerous stimuli, including antigen (acting via the high affinity IgE receptor, Fc?RI), superoxides, complement proteins, neuropeptides and lipoproteins resulting in activation and degranulation. Following activation, these cells express mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes and prostanoids, as well as proteases, and many cytokines and chemokines, pivotal to the genesis of an inflammatory response. Recent data suggests that mast cells may play an active role in such diverse diseases as atherosclerosis, malignancy, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and arthritis. Mast cells directly interact with bacteria and appear to play a vital role in host defense against pathogens. Drugs, such as glucocorticoids, cyclosporine and cromolyn have been demonstrated to have inhibitory effects on mast cell degranulation or mediator release.

CD40 on Adult Human Airway Epithelial Cells: Expression and Proinflammatory Effects

“…One may speculate upon the need for an initial signal delivered in vivo to make epithelial cells sensitive to CD40 signaling. Although not demonstrated by our experiments, the heterogeneity observed may depend on the in vivo microenvironment; besides expressing various types of cell-adhesion molecules, a low-affinity receptor for IgE on airway epithelial cells has also been described (45). It is likely that epithelial cells may play a role in the microenvironmental control of inflammation by their interaction with inhalant allergens.…”

Harboring of Particulate Allergens within Secretory Compartments by Mast Cells following IgE/FcεRI-Lipid Raft-Mediated Phagocytosis

“…Therefore, efforts are currently under way to address this important issue by using various in vivo models of allergic disease. Because of the prominent role played by MCs as effectors of a wide range of inflammatory diseases other than allergic diseases (39), their distinct capacity to harbor for extended periods of time and subsequently release antigenically active Ags could have a much broader relevance than is indicated from this particular investigation.…”

Mastosit Perivaskuler Berperan Sebagai Vasodilator Pembuluh Darah pada Mesenterium Tikus

“…Secara struktur, fungsi, pembuluh darah pada mesenterium tikus. dan proliferasinya serupa dengan basofil, perbedaannya basofil ditemukan dalam sirkulasi METODE darah, sedangkan mastosit hanya ditemukan dalam jaringan yang berhubungan dengan pembuluh darah Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif in (1).…”

“…Oleh karena itu mastosit lebih lanjut. dikenal sebagai sel penghasil berbagai macam mediator, termasuk mediator yang berperan sebagai vasodilator (1). KESIMPULAN Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah Jumlah mastosit mempunyai hubungan yang kuat mastosit di sekitar pembuluh darah lebih banyak dan signifikan dengan lebar pembuluh darah pada terlihat pada pembuluh darah yang berdiameter mesenterium tikus.…”