The Human Microbiome and Its Potential Importance to Pediatrics

Johnson, Cortina; Versalovic, James

doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2736

Cited by 268 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Such a disruption in appropriate colonizing bacteria leads to an alteration in phyla and less diverse individual bacterial species resulting in dysbiosis (3). A recent review article has underscored the difference in microbiota in the microbiome of children with diseases and their age-matched controls (Figure 4) (4)(5)(6). At this point, we cannot evoke the dysbiosis as a cause or as an effect of the disease.…”

Section: Dysbiosis and Disease Statesmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Breast milk, microbiota, and intestinal immune homeostasis

2014

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Section: Dysbiosis and Disease Statesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Improper colonization, dysbiosis (3), delays the process and results in increased susceptibility to newborn and infant infections and altered immune homeostasis leading to the expression of immune-mediated disease (4,5) and metabolic diseases (6) later in life.…”

Section: Initial Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast milk, microbiota, and intestinal immune homeostasis

2014

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“…4,6,7 Besides changes related to age, several other factors have been reported to alter gut microbiota community structure, including diet, birth route (vaginal versus Cesarean delivery), exposure to antibiotics, nutritional status, genetic factors, and diarrhea episodes. 2,6,8 Diarrhea episodes have been shown to be associated with an overall decrease in phylogenetic diversity. [9][10][11][12] Although modifications in the relative abundance of taxa differ by study site, studies have shown increases in the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and decreases in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus during diarrhea episodes.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery

Becker‐Dreps¹,

Allali²,

Monteagudo³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Understanding how the gut microbiota is affected by diarrhea episodes may help explain alterations in intestinal function among children in low-income settings. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome of Nicaraguan children both during diarrhea episodes and while free of diarrhea for at least 2 months. Relative abundances of bacterial taxa, phylogenetic diversity, and species richness were determined by 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between paired diarrhea and recovery samples. A total of 66 stools were provided by 25 children enrolled in a 1-year cohort study of diarrhea etiologies. Children in our cohort had a mean age of 21.9 months; 64% were breast-fed, and 10% had received an antibiotic during the diarrhea episode. Overall, phylogenetic diversity and species richness did not differ significantly between diarrhea and recovery stools. However, of children who had a bacterial enteropathogen detected in any diarrhea stool, none experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery, whereas of those in whom no bacterial enteropathogens were detected in their diarrhea stool(s), 59% experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery (P = 0.008). This preliminary study suggests that recovery of the gut microbiota after a diarrhea episode may take longer time than previously thought and may be pathogen specific.

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“…Improve our knowledge of intestinal microbiome could be useful for better understanding the roles of the microbial strains in promoting infants' health [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and gut health in infants: A preliminary case–control observational study about early treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938

Savino

Fornasero

Ceratto

et al. 2015

Clinica Chimica Acta

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AIMS: we performed this case-control observational study to evaluate the effects of early administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on microbial composition in infants' gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: early fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by using selective and differential cultural methods. Genomic DNA from positive Escherichia coli and Cronobacter sakazakii colonies was extracted and DNA was processed by multiplex PCR assay. RESULTS: fecal samples of 30 hospitalized infants who previously received probiotics and 30 not receiving probiotics were analyzed. We find that the two groups showed differences in gut microbial strains composition and richness. Infant treated with probiotics have a lower total anaerobic gramnegative counts (p=0.03) and a higher total anaerobic gram-positive counts (p=0.02). Enterobacteriaceae and enterococci were significantly higher (p=0.04) in the control group. No significant differences were observed for total aerobic counts, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. C. sakazaki was found only in one infant recruited in the control group. Infants not previously treated with probiotics showed a higher colonization by diarrheagenic E. coli (EPEC) (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: our findings enhanced our understanding of the effects of probiotics on gut health in pediatric subjects. Early administration of L.reuteri in infancy could improve gut health by reducing pathogens colonization. Our trial underlines the efficacy of an early probiotic administration in improving gut health in infancy.Informed consent was obtained from each child's parent.The study has been approved by a research ethics committee.There are no prior publications or submissions with any overlapping information, including studies and patients.These data have not been published previously and are not under consideration for publication by any other journal. The manuscript has not been and will not be submitted to any other journal while it is under consideration by Clinica Chimica Acta Journal.All authors have read and approved the version of the article being submitted.No an honorarium, grant, or other form of payment was given to anyone to produce the manuscript.All authors declare no conflict of interest.No affiliations with or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials of the research discussed in the manuscript were present. Probiotics and gut health in infants: a case-control observational study about early treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938.

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The Human Microbiome and Its Potential Importance to Pediatrics

Cited by 268 publications

References 146 publications

Breast milk, microbiota, and intestinal immune homeostasis

Breast milk, microbiota, and intestinal immune homeostasis

Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery

Probiotics and gut health in infants: A preliminary case–control observational study about early treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938

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