The human posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and medial parietal cortex effective connectome, and implications for memory and navigation

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background Gestational age (GA) is associated with later cognition and behavior. However, it is unclear how specific cognitive domains and brain structural development varies with the stepwise change of gestational duration. Methods This large-scale longitudinal cohort study analyzed 11,878 early adolescents’ brain volume maps at 9–10 years (baseline) and 5685 at 11–12 years (a 2-year follow-up) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. According to gestational age, adolescents were divided into five categorical groups: ≤ 33 weeks, 34–35 weeks, 36 weeks, 37–39 weeks, and ≥ 40 weeks. The NIH Toolbox was used to estimate neurocognitive performance, including crystallized and fluid intelligence, which was measured for 11,878 adolescents at baseline with crystallized intelligence and relevant subscales obtained at 2-year follow-up (with participant numbers ranging from 6185 to 6310 depending on the cognitive domain). An additional large population-based cohort of 618,070 middle adolescents at ninth-grade (15–16 years) from the Danish national register was utilized to validate the association between gestational age and academic achievements. A linear mixed model was used to examine the group differences between gestational age and neurocognitive performance, school achievements, and grey matter volume. A mediation analysis was performed to examine whether brain structural volumes mediated the association between GA and neurocognition, followed with a longitudinal analysis to track the changes. Results Significant group differences were found in all neurocognitive scores, school achievements, and twenty-five cortical regional volumes (P < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Specifically, lower gestational ages were associated with graded lower cognition and school achievements and with smaller brain volumes of the fronto-parieto-temporal, fusiform, cingulate, insula, postcentral, hippocampal, thalamic, and pallidal regions. These lower brain volumes mediated the association between gestational age and cognitive function (P = 1 × 10−8, β = 0.017, 95% CI: 0.007–0.028). Longitudinal analysis showed that compared to full term adolescents, preterm adolescents still had smaller brain volumes and crystallized intelligence scores at 11–12 years. Conclusions These results emphasize the relationships between gestational age at birth and adolescents’ lower brain volume, and lower cognitive and educational performance, measured many years later when 9–10 and 11–12 years old. The study indicates the importance of early screening and close follow-up for neurocognitive and behavioral development for children and adolescents born with gestational ages that are even a little lower than full term.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower gestational age is associated with lower cortical volume and cognitive and educational performance in adolescence

Wang

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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“…The effective connectivity algorithm that was developed and used measures the functional connectivity between all 360 brain regions at time t and t + tau where tau = 2 s in the BOLD fMRI timeseries (Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022a;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022b;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022c;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022d;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022e). An effective connectivity matrix is then produced by gradient descent using error correction until the effective connectivity matrix generates computed functional connectivity matrices at time t and t + tau that are close to those measured empirically, using a Hopf bifurcation method and Stuart-Landau oscillators, as fully described and validated elsewhere (Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022a;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022b;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022c;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022d;Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022e;Rolls, Wirth, et al, 2022). The directionality of the effective connectivity that is computed relies on the time delayed version of the functional connectivity matrix.…”

Section: Pathways By Which Spatial View and Related Information Reach...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Inputs are also received via the visuomotor parts of the posterior cingulate cortex (Baker, Burks, Briggs, Conner, Glenn, Manohar, et al, 2018;Rolls, Wirth, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Spatial Scene Inputs In Humans To Hippocampal Spatial View N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal spatial view cells for memory and navigation, and their underlying connectivity in humans

2022

Hippocampus

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Hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus spatial view neurons in primates respond to the spatial location being looked at. The representation is allocentric, in that the responses are to locations "out there" in the world, and are relatively invariant with respect to retinal position, eye position, head direction, and the place where the individual is located. The underlying connectivity in humans is from ventromedial

“…A third set of regions with connectivities negatively correlated with the combined lifestyle risk score involved the hippocampal memory system and some connected posterior cingulate cortex regions. The regions involved included the Hippocampus, Presubiculum, POS1, and ProS which is where the retrosplenial scene area is located (Rolls, Deco, et al, 2023c ; Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022b ; Rolls, Wirth, et al, 2023g ; Sulpizio et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of this very large neuroimaging sample has the potential to reveal associations between lifestyle and brain systems that could not be previously revealed. Another feature of the present research was the use of the Human Connectome Project Multimodal Parcellation atlas (HCP‐MMP), which defines 360 cortical regions based on cortical structure, functional connectivity, and activations in behavioral tasks (Glasser et al, 2016 ), with each cortical region having different connectivities and potentially functions (Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022a ; Rolls, Deco, et al, 2023c ; Rolls, Deco, et al, 2023d ; Rolls, Deco, et al, 2022b ; Rolls, Deco, et al, 2023e ; Rolls, Wirth, et al, 2023g ). This is the most detailed cortical atlas that we know in terms of providing many cortical regions each with potentially separate computational functions and with connectivity between the regions that has been analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle risks associated with brain functional connectivity and structure

Feng

2023

Human Brain Mapping

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Some lifestyle factors are related to health and brain function and structure, but the brain systems involved are incompletely understood. A general linear model was used to test the associations of the combined and separate lifestyle risk measures of alcohol use, smoking, diet, amounts of physical activity, leisure activity, and mobile phone use, with brain functional connectivity with the high resolution Human Connectome Project (HCP) atlas in 19,415 participants aged 45–78 from the UK Biobank, with replication with HCP data. Higher combined lifestyle risk scores were associated with lower functional connectivity across the whole brain, but especially of three brain systems. Low physical, and leisure and social, activity were associated with low connectivities of the somatosensory/motor cortical regions and of hippocampal memory‐related regions. Low mobile phone use, perhaps indicative of poor social communication channels, was associated with low functional connectivity of brain regions in and related to the superior temporal sulcus that are involved in social behavior and face processing. Smoking was associated with lower functional connectivity of especially frontal regions involved in attention. Lower cortical thickness in some of these regions, and also lower subcortical volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, and globus pallidus, were also associated with the sum of the poor lifestyle scores. This very large scale analysis emphasizes how the lifestyle of humans relates to their brain structure and function, and provides a foundation for understanding the causalities that relate to the differences found here in the brains of different individuals.