The humoral antibacterial response of <i>Drosophila</i>

Hoffmann, Jules A.; Hétru, Charles; Reichhart, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81414-u

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The data presented in this study demonstrate that Drosophila produces (among other antibacterial peptides, see Hoffmann et al, 1993) a new member of the insect defensin family in response to bacterial challenge. The Drosophila defensin shows 72% sequence identity with defensin A isolated from larvae of another dipteran insect, the fleshfly, P. terranovae (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization and transcriptional profiles of a Drosophila gene encoding an insect defensin

Dimarcq

Hoffmann

Meister

et al. 1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

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115

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Insect defensins are a family of 4‐kDa, cationic, inducible antibacterial peptides which bear six cysteine residues engaged in three intramolecular disulfide bridges. They owe their name to certain sequence similarities with defensins from mammalian neutrophiles and macrophages. We report the characterization of a novel defensin isoform from Drosophila and the cloning of the gene encoding a preprodefensin. The gene, which is intronless and present in a single copy/haploid genome, maps at position 46CD on the right arm of the second chromosome. The analysis of the upstream region of the gene reveals the presence of multiple putative cis‐regulatory sequences similar to mammalian regulatory motifs of acute‐phase‐response genes. Transcriptional profiles indicate that the Drosophila defensin gene is induced by bacterial challenge with acute‐phase kinetics. It is also expressed in the absence of immune challenge during metamorphosis. These and other data on the Drosophila defensin gene lead us to suggest that insect and mammalian defensins have evolved independently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization and transcriptional profiles of a Drosophila gene encoding an insect defensin

Dimarcq

Hoffmann

Meister

et al. 1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

Self Cite

167

115

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“…More generally, the interaction between nuclear factors from distinct families plays a major role in the expression of many genes ofthe acute phase response, as is illustrated by the synergism between NF-1L6 and NF-icB in the transcription of IL6 and 1L8 genes (9). There are many provocative similarities between the insect host defense and the mammalian acute phase response and we and others have recently argued that these responses might be homologous, deriving from a common ancestral defense mechanism (1,2,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophilaimmunity. A sequence homologous to mammalian interferon consensus response element enhances the activity of the diptericin promoter

et al. 1995

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“…The fruit fly D. melanogaster is a powerful, genetically malleable model for studying host-pathogen interactions and innate immunity (26)(27)(28)(29), bolstered by the fact that nearly 75% of human genes implicated in disease have a functional homolog in flies (30). Secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), melanization, and the phagocytic activity of hemocytes are the primary innate immune mechanisms that the flies use to combat infection (27,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Host and Bacterial Factors Control Susceptibility of Drosophila melanogaster to Coxiella burnetii Infection

et al. 2017

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Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever, a zoonotic disease that threatens both human and animal health. Due to the paucity of experimental animal models, little is known about how host factors interface with bacterial components and affect pathogenesis. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster, in conjunction with the biosafety level 2 (BSL2) Nine Mile phase II (NMII) clone 4 strain of C. burnetii, as a model to investigate host and bacterial components implicated in infection. We demonstrate that adult Drosophila flies are susceptible to C. burnetii NMII infection and that this bacterial strain, which activates the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, is able to replicate and cause mortality in the animals. We show that in the absence of Eiger, the only known tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily homolog in Drosophila, Coxiella-infected flies exhibit reduced mortality from infection. We also demonstrate that the Coxiella type 4 secretion system (T4SS) is critical for the formation of the Coxiella-containing vacuole and establishment of infection in Drosophila. Altogether, our data reveal that the Drosophila TNF homolog Eiger and the Coxiella T4SS are implicated in the pathogenesis of C. burnetii in flies. The Drosophila/NMII model mimics relevant aspects of the infection in mammals, such as a critical role of host TNF and the bacterial T4SS in pathogenesis. Our work also demonstrates the usefulness of this BSL2 model to investigate both host and Coxiella components implicated in infection.KEYWORDS Q fever, innate immunity, IMD, TNF, Eiger, NMII, pathogenesis, T4SS, tumor necrosis factor C oxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of the zoonosis Q fever (1). Acute C. burnetii infection in humans is characterized primarily by influenza-like symptoms and pneumonia. Domestic ruminants act as reservoir hosts of C. burnetii and have been implicated in several outbreaks of Q fever worldwide (1-3). Based on morbidity, low infectious dose, and the environmental stability of the organism, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has designated C. burnetii a category B biological weapon agent (4). C. burnetii presents two antigenic forms: a pathogenic phase I variant and an attenuated phase II variant that has a truncated O chain in its lipopolysaccharide (5, 6). C. burnetii phase I is associated with Q fever, whereas phase II does not cause disease in immunocompetent hosts (7-9). The Nine Mile phase II (NMII) clone 4/RSA439 is an attenuated strain of C. burnetii derived from the virulent Nine Mile phase I (NMI) strain through repeated passages in embryonated eggs (5). Although attenuated in immunocompetent hosts, the NMII strain has been shown to be virulent to SCID mice (10) and to cause fever in gamma interferon knockout (IFN-␥ Ϫ/Ϫ ) and Toll-like receptor 2 knockout (TLR2 Ϫ/Ϫ ) mice (11). Because C. burnetii NMI and NMII strains present similar replication kinetics in tissue culture models, the NMII strain has been used as a safer o...

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The humoral antibacterial response of Drosophila

Cited by 57 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization and transcriptional profiles of a Drosophila gene encoding an insect defensin

Characterization and transcriptional profiles of a Drosophila gene encoding an insect defensin

Drosophilaimmunity. A sequence homologous to mammalian interferon consensus response element enhances the activity of the diptericin promoter

Host and Bacterial Factors Control Susceptibility of Drosophila melanogaster to Coxiella burnetii Infection

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