The HXD95: a modified Bassett-type hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell for in situ XRD experiments up to 5 GPa and 1300 K

Abstract

A new diamond‐anvil cell apparatus for in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements of liquids and glasses, at pressures from ambient to 5 GPa and temperatures from ambient to 1300 K, is reported. This portable setup enables in situ monitoring of the melting of complex compounds and the determination of the structure and properties of melts under moderately high pressure and high temperature conditions relevant to industrial processes and magmatic processes in the Earth's crust and shallow mantle. The device was constructed according to a modified Bassett‐type hydrothermal diamond‐anvil cell design with a large angular opening (gθ = 95°). This paper reports the successful application of this device to record in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction of liquid Ga and synthetic PbSiO3 glass to 1100 K and 3 GPa.

Structural Ordering in Liquid Gallium under Extreme Conditions

“…The presence of low configurational entropy motifs in the liquid provides a mechanism for the promotion of metastable polyamorphic phases beyond the high-p melting curve. The emergence of novel amorphous phases from supercooled regimes may be explored in future work using effective potentials checked by liquid structure measurements using heating elements inside the DAC [71] for rapid T quenching at high p.…”

From Short to Medium Range Order in Glasses and Melts by Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy

“…Simultaneous highp-T conditions may also be achieved in a resistively heated (RH) DAC. Although the maximum attainable temperature is lower than for the LHDAC, the RHDAC has the distinct advantage of providing homogeneous heating over the whole sample allowing the measurement of larger wholly molten samples without contamination from thermal insulation media or laser coupling material (de Grouchy et al 2017;Louvel et al 2020;Drewitt et al 2020).…”

Effect of salinity, pressure and temperature on the solubility of smithsonite (ZnCO3) and Zn complexation in crustal and upper mantle hydrothermal fluids

“…XRF spectra were analysed using PeakFit software. For each XRF spectrum, All experiments were conducted using a new hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HXD95) designed for large-angle (θ = 95˚) XRD measurements (Louvel et al 2020).…”