The hydraulic structure of a raised bog and its implications for ecohydrological modelling of bog development

Baird, Andrew J.; Eades, Phil A.; Surridge, Ben

doi:10.1002/eco.33

Cited by 65 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Peatland water table response to changes in climate is complex and dependant on a number of variables including, but not limited to; hydraulic conductivity, peat mass, porosity, dry bulk density, water table height, bog surface height, decay rate, underlying substrate and lateral extent (Baird et al, 2008;Baird et al, 2011;Frolking et al, 2010;Holden, 2005;Morris et al, 2011). There has recently been a concerted effort to improve the understanding of raised bog hydrological response to climatic factors through manipulation of a peatland development model (Swindles et al, submitted …”

Section: Improving Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing regional and supra-regional transfer functions for palaeohydrological reconstruction from Holocene peatlands

Turner

Swindles

Charman

et al. 2013

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Testate amoebae-based transfer functions are commonly used in peatland palaeoclimate studies. These models have been developed in several regions of the world and are sometimes used for palaeohydrological reconstruction from fossil data in locations where no transfer functions exist. Limitations of this approach may include missing modern analogues and problems associated with site-specific or regional factors in testate amoebae ecology and biogeography. This study presents new testate amoebae-hydrology transfer functions based on data from six peatlands in Northern England. Transfer functions were generated for water table depth and moisture content using weighted averaging tolerance downweighted regression with inverse deshrinking and model performance was assessed using leave-one-out (jacknifing) cross-validation.To examine the robustness of applying transfer functions extra-regionally, we performed a number of spatially independent cross-validation (SICV) tests using contemporary testate amoebae and environmental data from established Northern Ireland and European transfer functions. Inferred water table depths were consistent with observed values in terms of position along the hydrological gradient, however magnitudes varied. We then applied the three independent transfer functions to fossil data from a peatland in Northern England to compare the reconstructions. The results show that the direction of the reconstructions is consistent in terms of wet/dry shifts.However, variation in the magnitudes of the reconstructed water tables is apparent.This probably reflects the sampling regime, including temporal/seasonal effects, and differences in testate amoebae ecology between regions and individual sites.

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Section: Improving Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing regional and supra-regional transfer functions for palaeohydrological reconstruction from Holocene peatlands

Turner

Swindles

Charman

et al. 2013

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…This method has been successfully applied in peatland environments (e.g. Chason and Siegel, 1986;Fraser et al, 2001;Baird et al, 2008).…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hogg, 1993), low temperatures and further constraints on the processes, such as enzymatic activities or free energy limitations (e.g. Freeman et al, 2001;Beer and Blodau, 2007).…”

Section: T Broder Et Al: Peat Decomposition Records In Three Pristimentioning

confidence: 99%

Peat decomposition records in three pristine ombrotrophic bogs in southern Patagonia

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Ombrotrophic bogs in southern Patagonia have been examined with regard to paleoclimatic and geochemical research questions but knowledge about organic matter decomposition in these bogs is limited. Therefore, we examined peat humification with depth by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) measurements of solid peat, C/N ratio, and δ 13 C and δ 15 N isotope measurements in three bog sites. Peat decomposition generally increased with depth but distinct small scale variation occurred, reflecting fluctuations in factors controlling decomposition. C/N ratios varied mostly between 40 and 120 and were significantly correlated (R 2 > 0.55, p < 0.01) with FTIR-derived humification indices. The degree of decomposition was lowest at a site presently dominated by Sphagnum mosses. The peat was most strongly decomposed at the driest site, where currently peat-forming vegetation produced less refractory organic material, possibly due to fertilizing effects of high sea spray deposition. Decomposition of peat was also advanced near ash layers, suggesting a stimulation of decomposition by ash deposition. Values of δ 13 C were 26.5 ± 2 ‰ in the peat and partly related to decomposition indices, while δ 15 N in the peat varied around zero and did not consistently relate to any decomposition index. Concentrations of DOM partly related to C/N ratios, partly to FTIR derived indices. They were not conclusively linked to the decomposition degree of the peat. DOM was enriched in 13 C and in 15 N relative to the solid phase probably due to multiple microbial modifications and recycling of N in these N-poor environments. In summary, the depth profiles of C/N ratios, δ 13 C values, and FTIR spectra seemed to reflect changes in environmental conditions affecting decomposition, such as bog wetness, but were dominated by site specific factors, and are further influenced by ash deposition and possibly by sea spray input.

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“…Baird et al, 2008) that this trend is not as clear or consistent as might be expected. Our von Post measurements showed a trend of increasing humification with depth in 72 % of the cores, but no change (19 %) or decreasing humification (9 %) in the remainder of the cores (Fig.…”

Section: Local Variationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Regional and local patterns in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties of bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia

Howie

Meerveld

2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In restoration planning for damaged raised bogs, the lagg at the bog margin is often not given considerable weight and is sometimes disregarded entirely. However, the lagg is critical for the proper functioning of the bog, as it supports the water mound in the bog. In order to include the lagg in a restoration plan for a raised bog, it is necessary to understand the hydrological characteristics and functions of this rarely studied transition zone. We studied 13 coastal British Columbia (BC) bogs and identified two different gradients in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties: (1) a local bog expanse-bog margin gradient, and (2) a regional gradient related to climate and proximity to the ocean. Depth to water table generally increased across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin. In the bog expanse, pH was above 4.2 in the Pacific Oceanic wetland region (cooler and wetter climate) and below 4.3 in the Pacific Temperate wetland region (warmer and drier climate). Both pH and pH-corrected electrical conductivity increased significantly across the transition from bog expanse to bog margin, though not in all cases. Na + and Mg 2+ concentrations were generally highest in exposed, oceanic bogs and lower in inland bogs. Ash content in peat samples increased across the bog expanse-bog margin transition, and appears to be a useful abiotic indicator of the location of the bog margin. The observed variation in the hydrological and hydrochemical gradients across the bog expanse-bog margin transition highlights both local and regional diversity of bogs and their associated laggs.

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The hydraulic structure of a raised bog and its implications for ecohydrological modelling of bog development

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Comparing regional and supra-regional transfer functions for palaeohydrological reconstruction from Holocene peatlands

Comparing regional and supra-regional transfer functions for palaeohydrological reconstruction from Holocene peatlands

Peat decomposition records in three pristine ombrotrophic bogs in southern Patagonia

Regional and local patterns in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties of bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia

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