The hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of olivines and related compounds for electrochemical applications

Chen, Jiajun; Vacchio, Michael; Wang, Shijun; Chernova, Natalya; Zavalij, Peter Y.; Whittingham, M. Stanley

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2007.10.015

Cited by 283 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…As researched by J.J. Chen's group [12], it is indicated that around 0.14 zinc was substituted for iron, giving LiFe 0.86 Zn 0.14 PO 4 when 20% zinc was in the reaction medium. A Rietveld analysis also indicated zinc on the iron site and not on the lithium site.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is well known that the ionic diffusion and electron conductivities can be remarkably improved by doping appropriate functional material to LFP, and the ameliorated microstructure is achieved which shortens the transmission distance of lithium ions and prevents the collapse of the crystal lattice [3][4][5][6][7]. And to prepare LiFePO 4 at a low cost and efficiently, the hydrothermal synthesis is well studied by many researchers [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Their results demonstrate that the particle size and conductivity of LFP can be controlled by appropriate additive, such as CTAB, ascorbic acid and carbon nanotube under hydrothermal conditions and the appropriate temperature is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZnO-doped LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium-ion battery fabricated by hydrothermal method

Hu¹,

Yao²,

Zhao³

et al. 2013

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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LiFePO4 particles doped with zinc oxide was synthesized via a hydrothermal route and used as cathode material for lithium-ion battery. Sample of preferable shape and structure was obtained by a concise and efficient process. ZnO doping into the LiFePO4 matrix was positively confirmed by the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD); high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). LiFePO4 doped with ZnO tends to form nanometer-size and homogeneous particles, which can improve markedly the performance and stability of charge-discharge cycle. A specific discharge capacity of ZnO-doped LiFePO4 at 132.3 mAh g-1 was achieved, with 1.8% decrease after 100 cycles. Based on the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results, it has further shown that ZnO doping effectively reduces the impacts of polarization and transfer resistance during electrochemical processes. Abstract:LiFePO 4 particles doped with zinc oxide was synthesized via a hydrothermal route and used as cathode material for lithium ion battery. Sample of preferable shape and structure was obtained by a concise and efficient process. ZnO doping into the LiFePO 4 matrix was positively confirmed by the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD); high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO-doped LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium-ion battery fabricated by hydrothermal method

Hu¹,

Yao²,

Zhao³

et al. 2013

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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“…Nano-LiMnPO 4 has been prepared by various wet chemical methods such as hydrothermal [21][22][23], thermal decomposition [20,24], solvothermal [17,25], polyol methods [15], etc. Wet chemical methods are preferable as they allow perfect mixing of precursors, better homogeneity and more regular morphology to obtain nanosized particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electrochemical performance of <30 nm thin LiMnPO4 nanorods with a reduced amount of carbon as a cathode for lithium ion batteries

Kwon

Fromm

2012

Electrochimica Acta

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5-10 nm thin rod shaped LiMnPO 4 nanoparticles are synthesized by an improved thermal decomposition method. The synthesis parameters such as the concentration of surfactants, reaction temperature and time, as well as the presence of a solvent play a critical role in the formation of spherical, thin or thick nanorods, and needle-shaped particles of LiMnPO 4 . A washing procedure to efficiently eliminate the surfactants attached to the surface of LiMnPO 4 nanoparticles is presented, avoiding thermal treatment at high temperatures. A nanocomposite LiMnPO 4 electrode provides a discharge capacity of 165 mAh/g at 1/40 C and 66 mAh/g at 1 C with only 10 wt% of total carbon additive. The characteristics of as-synthesized and low amount of carbon coated LiMnPO 4 are described as well as their electrochemical properties.

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“…Crystallographic studies have shown in stoichiometric LiFePO 4 , that Li occupies fully the octahedral M1, 4a site and Fe occupies the octahedral M2, 4c site [2][3][4][5] . Cation disorder between the M1, M2 sites is an interesting research area in petrology 6 because it may give insight into the thermal history of the earth's upper mantle where olivine minerals are abundant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally-induced cation disorder in LiFePO4

Biendicho

West

2011

Solid State Ionics

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LiFePO4 has a fully ordered olivine structure in samples prepared by solid state reaction below ~800 °C but, with increasing temperature, a small amount of Li, Fe site exchange occurs reaching a value of about 4% just below melting at 975 °C. The disorder is reversible on annealing at lower temperatures and is detected by changes in lattice parameters and in cation site occupancies obtained by Rietveld refinement of X-Ray Powder Diffraction data . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

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The hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of olivines and related compounds for electrochemical applications

Cited by 283 publications

References 81 publications

ZnO-doped LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium-ion battery fabricated by hydrothermal method

ZnO-doped LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium-ion battery fabricated by hydrothermal method

Enhanced electrochemical performance of <30 nm thin LiMnPO4 nanorods with a reduced amount of carbon as a cathode for lithium ion batteries

Thermally-induced cation disorder in LiFePO4

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