TheGinkgo bilobaExtract Reverses the Renal Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Adult Male Rats

Abstract

The Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is a commercial product used as a nutraceutic herbal remedy in Europe and US. It contains 27% of the polyphenols isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin, as antioxidants. We used male adult Wistar rats (200–300 g), divided into four groups: control group (treated with 5.0 mg/kg of sodium chloride, intravenous), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) group (5.0 mg/kg, intravenous), GbE group (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and GbE + TiO2-NPs group (treated 24 h before with 10 mg/kg of GbE, intraperitoneal), followed, 24 h later, by 5.0 mg/kg of TiO2-NPs intravenously. The statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test for grouped data with ANOVA posttest. The GbE protected renal cells against the effects of TiO2-NPs because it reversed the increased activity of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and the enzymatic activity of dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV at all times tested (0–5, 5–24, 24–48, and 48–72 h). Also it reversed the glucosuria, hypernatriuria, and urine osmolarity at three times tested (5–24, 24–48, and 48–72). Thus, we conclude that GbE has a beneficial activity in the cytoplasmic membranes of brush border cells on the renal tubules, against the adverse effects that can be produced by some xenobiotics in this case the TiO2-NPs, in experimental rats.

Renal Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba and L-carnitine Extracts against Pentylenetetrazol Induced Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Injury and Proliferation Alternation in Epileptic Rats

“…Ginkgo biloba (GB) leaf extract has widely consumed as herbal nutritional and used in the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases as cognitive enhancers [12]. Gingko contains high levels of flavonoids and terpenoids, antioxidants that provide protection against oxidative cell damage from harmful free radicals [13][14][15]. L-carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that's often taken as a supplement.…”

Moroccan Bee Bread Improves Biochemical and Histological Changes of the Brain, Liver, and Kidneys Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

“…These results go on hand with previous data [ 30 , 44 ], whereas the concomitant treatment with BB extract showed noteworthy improvement of the major analyzed parameters. In fact, BB is a good source of polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidants known to be effective against toxicity and renal damage induced by titanium nanomaterials; recently, it was suggested that polyphenols and flavonoids exert their nephroprotective effects following their interaction with the cytoplasmic membrane of renal tubule cells [ 61 ].…”