The Ibr‐ipv Virus: Reaction to Infection and Intermittent Recovery of Virus From Experimentally Infected Cattle

Abstract

SUMMARY The vaginal strain of the IBR‐IPV virus, V155, produced vaginitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and posthitis when inoculated into susceptible cattle. It did not produce a fatal encephalitis when inoculated into calves by the intracerebral route. Virus was recovered intermittently from cattle which had been inoculated by the vaginal, preputial, or intravenous routes. Virus was recovered intermittently during 117 days, 133 days and 364 days from vaginal swabs collected from heifers inoculated by the vaginal route; during 578 days from vaginal swabs and 510 days from nasal swabs collected from a pregnant heifer inoculated intravenously; and during 361 days from a bull infected by the preputial route. Apart from the period immediately following inoculation, virus was not recovered intermittently from calves inoculated by the nasal route, but these calves were under observation for a much shorter period.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen of bulls and the risk of transmission: A brief review

“…Intranasal inoculation of calves did not cause signs of balanoposthitis, but resulted in isolation of BHV1 from the prepuce (14, Van Oirschot et al, unpublished observations). Infection of genital organs other than the prepuce, penis, and occasionally part of the urethra seems to be rare (13,33,51,58). After natural and experimental infection, BHV1 has not been isolated from the testis (28,36,51,56), although virus was isolated from puncture fluid from the scrotum and from the testis of a bull with orchitis (10).…”

“…Infection of genital organs other than the prepuce, penis, and occasionally part of the urethra seems to be rare (13,33,51,58). After natural and experimental infection, BHV1 has not been isolated from the testis (28,36,51,56), although virus was isolated from puncture fluid from the scrotum and from the testis of a bull with orchitis (10). Intratesticular BHV I inoculation produced orchitis in one of two bulls (34).…”

“…After primary intrapreputial infection, bulls can start shedding BHV1 from the prepuce between 2 and 7 days after infection; this first period of shedding can last several weeks (24,28,51,58). The pattern can vary considerably per individual bull: some bulls shed virus for several days (15,24,62) or weeks (6,28,58), whereas in other bulls virus shedding is hardly or not detected at all (28).…”

“…Nevertheless, spontaneous intermittent virus shedding has been frequently observed (9,28,51). For instance, six periods of intermittent virus shedding were noticed during 361 days in a bull infected by the preputial route (51).…”

Epidemiology of BHV 1 virus infections in dairy herds

“…Most cattle with antibodies against BHV 1 are latently infected and may be considered a source of infection for rearing cattle (Davies & Duncan, 1974;Sheffy & Davies, 1972;Snowdon, 1965). Additions to the herd with a cohort of BHV 1 susceptible calves each year might cause repeated circulation of virus.…”