The ICD-11 For the Twenty-First Century: The First View from The Organizational, Legal, Clinical and Pharmacological Aspects

Abstract

The author made an organizational and legal, clinical and pharmacological study of the latest International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) concerning its changes compared to the ICD-10. Particular attention was paid to new ways of marking of disease codes and new functions of the ICD-11. Novel structure based on cluster coding, which was implemented into the new revision was mentioned, which allows to connect the main diagnostic codes with advanced clinical indicators. Author found that for the first time, the new revision has become a fully electronic publication that provides access to more than 17,000 diagnostic categories that contain more than hundred thousand of terms of the medical diagnostic index. The new ICD-11 concept of linearization for the national needs of each country was taken into account, which will save budget expenditures for the future. In the new edition of the ICD-11, for the first time, gambling addiction is classified as a mental disorder – behavioral addiction to online and offline gambling. The list of ICD-11 short stories also includes the classification of the following: chronic pain, burnout, stroke, sexual health, post-traumatic stress disorder, allergies, alternative medicine, etc. It is a more powerful health information system based on a formal ontology, designed to integrate information technology into modern infrastructures. A comparison with the ICD-10 on mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances was made. The ICD-11 has been identified as having a more comprehensive list of disease diagnosis codes, and in the ICD-10 the section on mental and behavioral disorders due to substance use has eleven core codes. Indicated the prospects of using of the ICD-11 in medical practice.

Forensic and Pharmaceutical Risks in the Organization of Pharmacotherapy of Covid, Post-Covid and Long-Covid Disorders. COVID-19 and Vaccination Practice Standards.

“…Forensic and pharmaceutical, organizational and legal, clinical and pharmacological approaches included the study of the forensic and pharmaceutical risks in the organization of immunization practices and pharmacotherapy of covid, post-covid, long-covid disorders using traditional research methods. The study was conducted at the intersection of the organization of healthcare, organization and management of pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, management for different groups of patients and was based on the principles of evidencebased medicine, evidence-based pharmacy [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Organization of the Pharmaceutical Business, Drug Technology and Forensic Pharmacy: Modern Trends in The Development of the Science of Pharmaceutical Law During the Covid-19 Pandemic

“…In the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic [1-5], pharmacy specialists play the most important role in all regions of Ukraine in ensuring patient access to the circulation of medicinal products (pharmaceuticals) of all clinical and pharmacological groups, nomenclature and legal groups and classification and legal groups [6][7][8][9][10][11] in accordance with ICD-11 in health care facilities [12][13]. In such difficult conditions, we see a great dependence on the organization and competences of the work of pharmacies not only in cities, but also in rural areas in the support of patients undergoing outpatient treatment of health disorders complicated by covid, post-covid and long-covid diseases.…”

Forensic and Pharmaceutical, Organizational and Legal Studies of Illegal Circulation, Danger and Drug Addiction from Cannabinoids

“…Drug addicts need active, free, accessible, effective and safe, social and economic, medical and pharmaceutical, spiritual, psychological support from the state, state authorities and self-government. In addition to the diagnosis of drug addiction, concomitant diseases are formed [4,5] in accordance with ICD-11 [6,7], which is complicated during the pandemic of COVID-19 [8,9,10] and the monkeypox virus [11].…”