“…It is perhaps for this reason that scholars appear to associate the EE most readily with the tourism industries (Baernoldt et al, 2004) where people pay to experience somewhere or something different that will leave them transformed through rest, adventure or education (eg see Powell et al, 2011 for a discussion of transformative effects of the Antarctic tourism experience). Tourism has frequently been cited as an experiential endeavour, even before conception of the EE model (eg Ryan, 1991;Wang, 1999;Sternberg, 1997). A "performance turn" in tourism studies has rejected the passiveness of the "tourist gaze" and emphasises the embodiment of the tourist experience, its multisensory and collaborative nature (Urry, 1990;Larson and Urry, 2011;Coleman and Crang, 2004;Sundbo and Darmer [eds], 2008).…”