The identification of QTLs associated with the in vitro response of rye (Secale cereale L.)

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the in vitro culture response of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) immature embryos and immature inflorescences. A genetic linkage map comprising 67 SSRs, 9 ISSRs, 13 SAMPLs, 7 RAPDs, 2 SCARs and one EST marker was created based on the analyses of 102 recombinant inbred lines from the cross between lines L318 (which has a good response in tissue cultures) and L9 (which is unable to regenerate plants from somatic tissues and anthers). The map spans 979.2 cM, and the average distance between markers is 9.9 cM. Two characteristics were evaluated: callus induction (CI) and somatic embryogenesis ability (SE). They were expressed as the percentage of immature embryos/inflorescences producing callus (designated ECI/ICI) and the percentage of explants producing somatic embryos (ESE/ISE). All the analysed traits showed continuous variation in the mapping population but a non-normal frequency distribution. We identified nine putative QTLs controlling the tissue culture response of rye, explaining up to 41.6% of the total phenotypic variation: two QTLs for ECI — eci-1, eci-2; 4 for ESE — ece-1, ese-2, ese-3, ese-4; 2 for ICI — ici-1, ici2; and 1 for ISE — ise-1. They were detected on chromosomes 1R, 4R, 5R, 6R and 7R.

Identification of QTLs associated with albino plant formation and some new facts concerning green versus albino ratio determinants in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) anther culture

“…The lack of response was found to be controlled by at least two interacting genes (RakoczyTrojanowska and Malepszy 1995). Bolibok et al (2007) reported that nine putative QTLs for rye tissue culture response have been mapped on chromosomes 1R, 4R, 5R, 6R and 7R. In our study four of QTLs connected with albino plants formation were found on chromosome 4R.…”

“…Similar results were received by González et al (2005), who also detected QTLs for final efficiency of green plants regeneration on chromosome 4R on triticale genome. Moreover, callus induction and somatic embryogenesis ability in rye tissue cultures are also determined by loci located on this chromosome (Bolibok et al 2007).…”

Mapping QTLs for Tissue Culture Response in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

“…In barley, QTLs controlling callus growth (CG), subsequent shoot differentiation ratio (SD) and green shoot ratio (GS) in immature embryo culture were identified using 99 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (Mano et al, 2002). The identification of QTLs for the in vitro culture response of winter rye immature embryos and immature inflorescences was also carried out by Bolibok et al (2007). Numerous studies conducted on genetic control of plant tissue culture responses have shown that tissue culture performance is quantitatively controlled (Taguchi-Shiobara et al, 2006).…”

“…However, a highly efficient regeneration system is a necessary prerequisite for successful utilization of such methods (Bolibok and Rakoczy-Trojanowska, 2006;Bolibok et al, 2007). So far, a number of regeneration systems and transformation systems have been established for many plant species.…”

“…The use of molecular markers has enabled the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in the expression of important agronomic traits. Furthermore, the construction of genetic maps has provided a tool for identification of the number, significance and location of QTLs (Bolibok et al, 2007;. Recent reports have identified the QTLs for tissue culture response in many plant species, such as in rice (He et al, 1998;Kwon et al, 2002;Taguchi-Shiobara et al, 1997;, maize (Armstrong et al, 1992;Krakowsky et al, 2006;Murigneux et al, 1994), barley (Komatsuda et al, 1995;Mano et al, 2002), wheat (Jia et al, 2007;Torp et al, 2001), rye (Bolibok et al, 2007), sunflower , tomato (Koornef et al, 1993) and alfalfa (Yu and Pauls, 1993).…”