The identity of the invasive fouling bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny) and some other congeneric species

Vieira, Leandro M.; Jones, Mary Spencer; Taylor, Paul D.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3857.2.1

Cited by 830 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recent studies have shown the importance of morphometric variables to distinguish Watersipora species (Ryland et al 2009;Vieira et al 2014). The following measures were recorded on 30 zooids: number of pseudopores, zooid length (L z ), zooid width (W z ), orifice length (L or ), orifice width (W or ) ( Figure 2), zooid area (A z , calculated as a rectangle: L z · W z ) and orifice area (A or , calculated as an ellipse: π · L or /2 · W or /2); ranges and averages are shown in Table I.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has led to some historical misidentifications, with several Watersipora species having been erroneously attributed to a number of synonymies (Banta 1969a;d'Hondt 1984;Ryland et al 2009;Vieira et al 2014). The taxonomy of Watersipora has recently been resolved on the basis of morphometric and morphological data by Vieira et al (2014), who identified and illustrated a total of 13 species grouped according to orifice and sinus shapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Europe currently hosts five Watersipora species: W. complanata (Norman, 1864) and W. cucullata (Busk, 1854), native to the Mediterranean Sea; W. souleorum Vieira, Spencer Jones & Taylor, 2014 with a pantropical distribution; the cosmopolitan W. subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852); and W. subatra (Ortmann, 1890), invasive to Britain and Ireland (Vieira et al 2014). Previously, Watersipora subovoidea (d'Orbigny, 1852) was also considered a native species to the Mediterranean Sea (Zabala 1986), but the samples were recently assigned to W. subtorquata, which has a global distribution across tropicalsubtropical regions in the Mediterranean Sea and the Western Atlantic Ocean (Vieira et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, Watersipora subovoidea (d'Orbigny, 1852) was also considered a native species to the Mediterranean Sea (Zabala 1986), but the samples were recently assigned to W. subtorquata, which has a global distribution across tropicalsubtropical regions in the Mediterranean Sea and the Western Atlantic Ocean (Vieira et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, the genus Watersipora comprises three widespread species, W. arcuata Banta, 1969, W. subtorquata and W. subatra, plus an additional 10 species that have a more local distribution (Vieira et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

From the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea:Watersipora arcuata, a new non-indigenous bryozoan in Europe

Ferrario

D'hondt²,

Marchini

et al. 2015

Marine Biology Research

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This study reports the first record of the cheilostome bryozoan Watersipora arcuata in the Mediterranean Sea, namely in a marina of the Ligurian Sea (Italy), during two monitoring surveys carried out in 2013 and 2014, representing to date the first European finding. The species, whose native origin is deemed to be the Tropical Eastern Pacific region, was already reported as being introduced to California, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii, but not outside the Pacific Ocean. The genus Watersipora includes 13 species of encrusting bryozoans, difficult to distinguish using simple visual clues and usually requiring careful morphological measurements, with appropriate microscopy methods. A detailed taxonomic description of W. arcuata is provided here, in comparison with the similar species W. nigra and W. platypora.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

From the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea:Watersipora arcuata, a new non-indigenous bryozoan in Europe

Ferrario

D'hondt²,

Marchini

et al. 2015

Marine Biology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Integrated Pest Management for Fouling Organisms on Boat Hulls

Culver

Johnson²,

Page

et al. 2019

N American J Fish Manag

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Boating is a major vector for aquatic invasive species that cause significant economic and ecological impacts, necessitating biofouling control that goes beyond simply maintaining boat operations. However, new regulations restricting the use of antifouling paints-a common control tactic along with hull cleaning-have not considered the consequences to invasive species management. As a result, there is a critical need for a biofouling control strategy that both protects water quality and minimizes invasive species transport. We compared recruitment of fouling organisms to experimental plates (1) treated with hull coatings after 1 month and, for copper-based paint, after 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month submersion times; (2) after application of California's in-water hull cleaning practices; and (3) among locations within and between geographically separated harbors. Copper-based paint was initially effective at reducing fouling but lost effectiveness over time and was fouled heavily within 12 months. On plates with copper-based paint, nonnative species typically recruited first and facilitated the recruitment of other species. Nontoxic coatings were readily fouled, and invasive species (Watersipora subatra and Hydroides spp.) settled more often on ceramic epoxy and/or siliconized epoxy ("slick") coatings. Recruitment was higher in the harbor in the warmer water region. Depending on the harbor, W. subatra, Ciona spp., and Filograna implexa recruitment was correlated with water flow, the presence of conspecifics on the docks, or both factors. Strong seasonal recruitment was evident for Ciona spp., F. implexa, and Bugula neritina. Algae dominated the light-exposed surfaces of plates, and invertebrates dominated the shaded surfaces. California's hull cleaning practices did not stimulate fouling, which contradicted previous findings. Our findings informed the development of an integrated pest management framework for biofouling control on boat hulls that is adaptable to different regions and boater needs. This novel approach balances effective boat operations and protection of ecosystem health while simultaneously addressing water quality and invasive species transport.

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