The spectrographs on-board the World Space Observatory (WSO) will provide access to the 1020-1800 Å wavelength range with unprecedented sensitivity. Previous observatories operating in the 1150-2000 Å range (such as IUE and HST-STIS) have proved extremely useful to study the winds of OB type stars, which leave their most prominent imprints in the far ultraviolet range. The addition of the λ < 1200 Å wavelengths is critical as it contains important diagnostic lines for mass loss and shocks in the wind, as found by FUSE-based analyses.WSO will enable quantitative spectroscopic analyses of blue massive stars in the Local Group beyond the Magellanic Clouds. The results will lead to the characterization of their winds as a function of metallicity, and shed new light on current urging questions regarding radiation driven winds.
Metallicity and the winds of blue massive stars
Radiation driven winds, key agents of evolutionThe role of massive stars in our understanding of galacticscale processes and the Universe is often understated. Massive stars craft the interstellar medium, dominate the spectral energy distribution of star-forming galaxies and are related to very energetic and disruptive processes like supernovae and possibly long gamma-ray bursts.Blue massive stars (BMS) experience radiation-driven outflows of matter, or winds. They are propelled by the absorption of photons in the numerous ultraviolet transitions of metallic ions (see for instance the review of Kudritzki and Puls 2000). The stellar wind is the main interface of pre-supernova massive stars with the interstellar medium because of its injection of mechanical and radiative energy, and chemically enriched material. The wind is also a principal agent of the evolution of the massive star itself. Because of the wind mass removal the rate and efficiency of the central nuclear reactions change, altering the duration of the evolutionary stages and ultimately deciding the fate of the star (the SN explosion, the stellar yields, and the remnant: Matteucci 2008;Woosley et al. 2002;Maeder and Meynet 2003).Radiation driven winds are included in the codes that model the atmospheres of blue massive stars (Puls et al. 2005;Pauldrach et al. 2001;Hillier and Miller 1998) and their evolution (Maeder and Meynet 2000), and subsequently in models of galactic chemical evolution (see recent review by Recchi 2009, 2010). The inclusion of stellar winds has a significant impact on the stellar parameters derived from spectroscopic analyses (Herrero et al. 2002;Repolust et al. 2004), which in turn provide constraints for massive star evolution models.