The imaging of subsurface crocodile remains in a limestone slab using holographic radar

Bossi, Luca; Falorni, Pierluigi; Windsor, C. G.; Zandonai, Fabiana; Bizzarini, Fabrizio; Delfino, Massimo; Giusberti, Luca; Bechtel, Timothy; Chizh, Margarita; Ivashov, Sergey; Capineri, Lorenzo

doi:10.1190/gpr2020-003.1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Beam in historic structure HSR image at 3.7 GHz Insect damage revealed Fig. 40. Wooden beam in historic structure with insect damage detected and revealed.…”

Section: Parallel Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…❖ Diagnostics of composite materials in aerospace and other industries [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34] ❖ Diagnostics of building details and constructions including cultural heritage monuments [35], [36], [37], [38], [39] ❖ Archaeological and paleontological imaging [40], [41], [42] ❖ Landmine detection and discrimination [9], [10], [11], [43], [44], [45], [46] ❖ Security systems [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53] ❖ Detection of wood-boring insect damage [54] ❖ Medical imaging [55], [56], [57], [58], [59].…”

Section: Hsr Hologramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

Ivashov¹,

Capineri²,

Bechtel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Holographic subsurface radar (HSR) is currently not in widespread usage. This is due to an historical perspective in the ground penetrating radar (GPR) community that the high attenuation of electromagnetic waves in most media of interest, and the inability to apply time-varying gain to the continuous wave (CW) HSR signal precludes sufficient effective penetration depth. While it is true that the fundamental physics of HSR, with its use of a CW signal, does not allow amplification of later (i.e. deeper) arrivals in lossy media (as is possible with impulse subsurface radar — ISR), HSR has distinct some distinctive advantages. The most important of these is the ability to do shallow subsurface imaging with a resolution that is not possible with ISR. In addition, the design of an HSR system is simpler than for ISR due to the relatively low-tech transmitting and receiving antennae. This paper provides a review of the main principles of HSR through an optical analogy and describes possible algorithms for radar hologram reconstruction. We also present a review of the history of development of systems and applications for HSR of the “RASCAN” type which is possibly the only holographic subsurface radar that is produced in lots. Among the subsurface imaging and remote sensing applications considered are humanitarian demining, construction inspection, surveys of historic architecture and artworks, nondestructive testing of dielectric aerospace materials, security applications, paleontology, detection of wood-boring insect damage, and others. Each application is illustrated with relevant data acquired in laboratory and/or field experiments.

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“…Beam in historic structure HSR image at 3.7 GHz Insect damage revealed Fig. 40. Wooden beam in historic structure with insect damage detected and revealed.…”

Section: Parallel Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Hsr Hologramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

Ivashov¹,

Capineri²,

Bechtel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…For these purposes, small-sized holographic subsurface radar RASCAN was created, Figure 6. Later, the same technology was used to survey cultural heritage objects and archeology sites [18][19][20][21]. It should be noted that although these studies and developments were started in the Laboratory, they were later continued in close cooperation with colleagues from the USA, Italy, Japan and the UK.…”

Section: Research and Designing Of Holographic Subsurface Radarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research, Development and Applications of Subsurface Radars in the USSR and Russia from the 60s to the Present Days

Ivashov

2024

Preprint

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This article describes the history of research and development of surface-penetrating radar, starting from the 60s in the USSR, and ending today in Russia and neighboring states formed after the collapse of the USSR. The outstanding role played in the initial period of this technology development by Prof. M.I. Finkelstein and his colleagues is highlighted. Their research had a significant impact on subsequent developments in modern Russia and the neighboring countries.

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“…In recent years, subsurface radars have also become widely used in the examination of cultural and historical significance objects, for example, in the study of architectural monuments [5,20,21] and even in paleontology [22]. This is explained not only by GPR ability to examine objects with one-sided access but also by the using of higher operating frequencies, which leads to increasing in spatial resolution, although it usually causes a decrease in the sounding depth [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Example of Microwave Holography Investigation of an Old Orthodox Russian Icon Dated to 19th Century

Ivashov

Razevig

Sergeev³

et al. 2022

Heritage

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The study, preservation and restoration of the cultural heritage objects of mankind are not only of great cultural importance but also have a significant economic component because cultural values of past centuries attract tourists from all over the world. The use of modern technical and scientific achievements in the field of non-destructive testing makes it possible to obtain new knowledge about cultural objects regarding their origin and dating, as well as to contribute to their better restoration and preservation. An important component of their use is additional opportunities to identify high quality fakes of original cultural objects that have historical significance. The capabilities of various non-destructive testing (NDT) methods used to examine cultural objects are characterized by their penetration depth, resolution, and sensitivity to material properties. Thus, in many cases, it is necessary to perform multi-sensor non-destructive testing and creating large data sets that require an efficient evaluation. This article considers an example of using microwave (MW) holographic sensors for the examining of an old Orthodox Russian Icon dated of the late 19th century. The paper describes the technology of microwave holography, which has recently been applied to the examination of art works. Unlike the well-studied X-ray method, MW holography makes it possible to examine objects with one-sided access. Its other advantages are the relative cheapness of the equipment and the safety of use due to the low level of radiation. The article describes a MW holograms reconstruction algorithm, as well as a method for improving the quality of obtained MW images. The data collected at MW research of the Icon are compared with the results of X-ray examination and confirmed by subsequent opening and visual examination performed by professional restorers.

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The imaging of subsurface crocodile remains in a limestone slab using holographic radar

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

Research, Development and Applications of Subsurface Radars in the USSR and Russia from the 60s to the Present Days

An Example of Microwave Holography Investigation of an Old Orthodox Russian Icon Dated to 19th Century

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