The Immigration Triangle: Quebec, Canada, and the Rest of the World

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ABSTRACTThe Immigration Triangle: Quebec, Canada and the Rest of the World * Quebec, as many other immigrant destination areas, has experienced difficulty in retaining its original set of newcomers. The paper addresses this issue of retention in terms of a brain circulation model under which immigrants enter a niche area (Quebec) and receive subsidized human capital benefits in the form of education, language training and skill certification. Under this model the decision to move or stay in Quebec or any niche area depends on the rate of return earned from this acquired human capital in the niche area (Quebec) or the rest of Canada (ROC). The individual move stay-decision in the relevant resident area is estimated for both the foreign-born and Canadian-born households with a logit model featuring demographic and economic arguments. The results suggest that an economic model of move-stay explains the internal migration decision for both the foreignborn and Canadian-born populations in Quebec and elsewhere in Canada. JEL Classification:J61, J60

The Migration–Immigration Link in Canada's Gateway Cities: A Comparative Study of Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver

“…Due to Quebec's immigration agreement with the federal government, Quebec's immigrant selection criteria are less stringent than the rest of the country. It is possible that some immigrants may use Quebec as a springboard to get into the rest of Canada (DeVoretz et al, 2003). However, our data show that only among immigrants with a university degree did Montreal have a significantly higher out-migration rate than the other two cities.…”

Francophone Immigrants Leaving Montreal to Settle in Toronto: What Happened and What is Happening?

“…Quebec also experiences a low birth rate and immigration is seen as a special tool to improve the situation (DeVoretz and Pivnenko, 2007;Termote and Ledent, 1999). Since 2000, the number of births in Quebec has slightly increased and in 2005 reached a 1.5 fertility rate; however the province is still below the replacement level fertility (2.1) since 1970 (Institut de la statistique, 2006).…”

“…Since 2000, the number of births in Quebec has slightly increased and in 2005 reached a 1.5 fertility rate; however the province is still below the replacement level fertility (2.1) since 1970 (Institut de la statistique, 2006). In addition, Quebec experiences a serious difficulty in retaining its immigrants, and outmigration is higher than in-migration (Symons, 2002;Edmonston, 2002;DeVoretz and Pivnenko, 2007). It is specifically English-speaking immigrants that are likely to leave Quebec, twice as likely as those who speak French only (DeVoretz and Pivnenko, 2007).…”

“…In addition, Quebec experiences a serious difficulty in retaining its immigrants, and outmigration is higher than in-migration (Symons, 2002;Edmonston, 2002;DeVoretz and Pivnenko, 2007). It is specifically English-speaking immigrants that are likely to leave Quebec, twice as likely as those who speak French only (DeVoretz and Pivnenko, 2007). When immigrants leave for another Canadian province, they are likely to settle in Ontario (Edmonston, 2002).…”

“…This research tries to understand better their experience of settlement in Montreal and to a lesser degree in Toronto. Out-migration from Quebec has been highlighted as an issue to address (DeVoretz and Pivnenko, 2007). It is especially concerning since the net loss of immigrants that Montreal is experiencing is among those with post-secondary education (Hou and Bourne, 2004).…”