The immobilization of recombinant human tropoelastin on metals using a plasma-activated coating to improve the biocompatibility of coronary stents

Are there sufficient standards for the in vitro hemocompatibility testing of biomaterials?

“…unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or pentasaccharide types (e.g. Fondaparinux) [58,59] are applied in varying concentrations (0.5 IU to 5 IU heparin per mL blood) [60][61][62][63][64]. For PRP based assays, concentrations of 0.105 -0.109 M and 0.129 M tri-sodium citrate are recommended by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) [65][66][67].…”

Tropoelastin Enhances Nitric Oxide Production by Endothelial Cells

“…Vascular materials whose contact surfaces are entirely coated with tropoelastin display enhanced hemocompatibility and endothelial cell growth and attachment [3,11]. Comprehensive studies have been performed to identify the regions within tropoelastin that interact with the cell surface.…”

“…Tropoelastin presents a stable cell interactive material [10,11]. The poor clinical performance of Tropoelastin enhances nitric oxide production by endothelial cells Research Article vascular implants such as stents and grafts is due in part to the lack of appropriate signaling cues between the native tissue and the implant [29].…”

“…Unlike many commonly employed vascular materials, tropoelastin is appealing due to its resistance to thrombus formation in the presence of blood [10]. This hemocompatibility has led to translational studies with tropoelastin coatings on metallic vascular stents which present tropoelastin's cell attachment functionality, allowing for enhanced endothelialization, decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation and stent hemocompatibility [3,11,12]. These effects are seen both in vitro and following implantation, where in vivo studies confirm that tropoelastin coatings preferentially enhance endothelialization, while suppressing underlying smooth muscle cell infiltration and hyperproliferation [13].…”

Incorporation of Primary Amines via Plasma Technology on Biomaterials

“…One important studied bio application is hemocompatibility of biomaterials used in blood contacting devices [74]. Hemocompatibility is considered to be one of the most critical aspects of biocompatibility.…”