The immunosuppressive side of PDT

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising novel therapeutic procedure for the management of a variety of solid tumors and many non-malignant diseases. PDT has been described as having a significant effect on the immune system, which may be either immunostimulatory or, in some circumstances, immunosuppressive. The immunosuppressive effects of PDT have nearly all been concerned with the suppression of the contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice. Here, we review the immunosuppressive aspects of PDT treatment and discuss some additional mechanisms that may be involved.

Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents

“…In fact, both immunosupressive and immunostimulatory effects of PDT have been reported (Nowis et al 2005;Mroz and Hamblin 2011;Kim et al 2015). In theory, the same vaccination effect described for anticancer PDT should facilitate adaptive immune responses to microbes, but, to the best of our knowledge, this has not yet been experimentally addressed.…”

“…Interestingly, PS treatment during the infection optimally worked only within a narrow therapeutic window, with neutrophil infiltration being suppressed at higher doses. The latter example very vividly depicts the dual role that PDT exerts on the immune system: it can either be stimulatory or immunosuppressive (Nowis et al 2005;Mroz and Hamblin 2011;Kim et al 2015). The doses required for immunosuppression are lower than those in anticancer PDT, and the immunosuppressive mechanisms are diverse, and include direct toxicity toward immune cells, and mitigation of their activation (Ratkay et al 2000).…”

“…Therefore, in psoriasis, as well as in various other chronic inflammatory diseases, PDT exerts direct immunosuppressive effects (reviewed in Mroz and Hamblin 2011;Reinhard et al 2015). It must be emphasized that a recent meta-analysis on psoriasis showed lower efficiency of ALA-PDT compared to the classical phototherapy (Almutawa et al 2015).…”

Fundamental Immunology of Skin Transplantation and Key Strategies for Tolerance Induction

“…Photodynamic therapy (PDT) promises to be a novel therapeutic procedure for immune regulation without obvious adverse effects (Mroz and Hamblin 2011). PDT significantly downregulated the expression of MHC and the costimulatory molecule B7 (60-90 % reduction) on LCs, and this treatment effectively suppressed the ability of LCs to stimulate alloreactive T cells to proliferate.…”

Tumor-Specific Immune Response After Photodynamic Therapy

“…Такие иммуносупрес-сивные эффекты были установлены в модели подавления индукции контактной гиперчувстви-тельности (т.е. афферентного иммунного ответа), которая включает в себя применение кожной ап-пликации гаптена, с последующим повторением [48], и подавление реакции гиперчувствитель-ности замедленного типа (на примере Манту) (т.е. эфферентной иммунный ответ), например, у здоровых Манту-положительных добровольцев [47,57].…”