The impact of activated carbon on <scp>NO3−‐N</scp>, <scp>NH4+‐N</scp>, <scp>P</scp> and <scp>K</scp> leaching in relation to fertilizer use

Raave, H.; Keres, I.; Kauer, Karin; Nõges, M.; Rebane, J.; Tampere, M.; Loit, Evelin

doi:10.1111/ejss.12102

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, total N deposited, using the maximum compost application allowed according to German legislation, was exhausted 24 months after application, mainly due to mineralization. The results from the biochar, similar to earlier investigations (Alburquerque et al ., ; Raave et al ., ), showed an increasing effect of biochar on N contents in different soils. The result in HTC‐C plots was due to co‐composting of hydrochar in our experiment contrasting to experiments with pure hydrochar, which showed similar results after a few months or weeks (Gajić & Koch, ; Bargmann et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil

Busch

Glaser

2015

Soil Use and Management

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Hydrothermally converted biomass (hydrochar) is evaluated as a carbon-rich soil amendment in addition to pyrogenic biochar. After assessing the suitability of hydrochar for use in agriculture, its environmental safety and comparing its chemistry with that of biochar, we describe a field trial established at Halle (Germany) under natural conditions for a temperate climate and without further external management practices. The main objective of our study was to analyse the stability and hence the C sequestration potential of composted chars over a period of 2 years. Four treatments (no amendment control, compost, co-composted hydrochar and co-composted biochar) in fourfold field replication were chosen to make a direct comparison of biochar and hydrochar under field conditions. The total organic carbon and total N increased in all treatments in comparison with the control but only in biochar-amended treatments were N concentrations more stable. Composted biochar showed significantly more black carbon content in topsoil, sampled some months after application, compared with all other treatments. We show that hydrochar is less suitable for long-term C sequestration in comparison with biochar but has potential for soil amelioration because it delivers essential nutrients. On the other hand, biochar is richer in polyaromatic C than hydrochar and therefore is more stable in the long term. We assessed biochar stability using the black carbon analysis of the different soil samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil

Busch

Glaser

2015

Soil Use and Management

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“…Soil total nitrogen (TN) was estimated according to the semi-micro Kjeldahl method [35]. Soil NO 3 -N and NH 4 -N were extracted with a 2 M KCl solution and quantified using a flow injection analyzer (FIAStar 5000, Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden) [36]. Soil total phosphorus (TP) was determined colorimetrically after digesting with HF-HClO 4 [37].…”

Section: Analysis Of Soil Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Are Influenced by Host Tree Species on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Chen

Tang

2019

Forests

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can establish mutualistic symbioses with most terrestrial plants and therefore play a crucial role in the re-vegetation and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems. Yet, little information is available on AM fungal communities associated with dominant tree species in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China. In this study, topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) samples were collected from the rhizosphere of five dominant tree species in northern Shaanxi Province, to investigate the distribution and diversity of their associated AM fungi. The tree species were Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Juniperus communis L., Populus cathayana Rehd., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Salix matsudana Koidz. In total, 24 AM fungal species of eight genera were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples and identified based on their spore morphology. Funneliformis and Funneliformis monosporum were respectively the most abundant genus and species of AM fungi. The distribution and diversity of AM fungi differed among the five tree species and also between the two soil depths. Across different tree species, the spore density of AM fungi varied from 2.85 to 15.32 spores g−1 fresh soil, with a species richness of 3–7, Shannon–Wiener index of 0.81–1.08, and evenness index of 0.30–0.53. The mycorrhizal colonization rate had a significant negative correlation with both the Shannon-Wiener index and species richness, whereas it was positively correlated with the evenness index. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and structural equation modeling revealed that tree species, rather than soil depth or its interactions with tree species, had significant effects on the composition of AM fungal communities. In conclusion, the distribution and diversity of AM fungi associated with the dominant tree species were mainly affected by host tree species identity in the semi-arid ecosystem. Claroideoglomus etunicatum (W.N. Becker & Gerdemann) C. Walker & A. Schüßler and Glomus reticulatum Bhattacharjee & Mukerji appeared to be promising candidates for ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau region because of their adaptation to its semi-arid conditions with a broad spectrum of host tree species.

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“…Total nitrogen (TN) was estimated according to the semi-micro Kjeldahl method (Bremner & Mulvaney, 1982). Nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) were extracted with 2 m potassium chloride (KCl) and analysed with the flow injection analyser FIAStar 5000 (Foss Tecator AB, Höganäs, Sweden) (Raave et al, 2014). Total phosphorus (TP) was determined colorimetrically after wet digestion of soil samples with hydrofluoric and perchloric acids (HF-HClO 4 ) (Jackson, 1958).…”

Section: Analysis Of Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil and climatic factors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere soil underRobinia pseudoacaciain theLoessPlateau,China

Tang

Zhong

et al. 2016

European J Soil Science

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We explored arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere soil under Robinia pseudoacacia L., Leguminosae (black locust), and evaluated the relations between their diversity and soil and climatic factors in the semi‐arid Loess Plateau of northwest China. A total of 23 AMF species were identified at six sites. Of these, six belonged to the genus Funneliformis (Glomeraceae), five to Rhizophagus (Glomeraceae), three to Glomus (Glomeraceae), two to Acaulospora (Acaulosporaceae), two to Claroideoglomus (Claroideoglomeraceae), two to Septoglomus (Glomeraceae), one to Ambispora (Ambisporaceae), one to Scutellospora (Gigasporaceae) and one to Sclerocystis (Glomeraceae). The species that occurred in the largest proportion of soil samples were Rhizophagus intraradices (75%) and Funneliformis dimorphicum (66.7%). Soil‐available potassium was positively correlated with mycorrhizal colonization and species richness. Spore density was negatively correlated with soil pH, whereas the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was positively correlated with total potassium. Most of the soil and climatic factors measured affected the AMF indices directly rather than indirectly. The relative abundances of 13 AMF species were strongly affected by precipitation, temperature, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium. This suggests that AMF species are diverse and Funneliformis was the most common and dominant AMF genus in the rhizosphere soil under black locust in the Loess Plateau. Precipitation directly affected AMF status and diversity in this distinctive semi‐arid ecosystem. Highlights Analysis of the effects of soil and climatic factors on mycorrhizal colonization and AMF diversity of black locust. Improved understanding of AMF communities and their function in soil under black locust. Precipitation was the strongest direct factor that affected AMF in the semi‐arid region. Funneliformis was the most common AMF genus in rhizosphere soil under black locust.

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The impact of activated carbon on NO₃⁻‐N, NH₄⁺‐N, P and K leaching in relation to fertilizer use

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil

Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Are Influenced by Host Tree Species on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Effects of soil and climatic factors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere soil underRobinia pseudoacaciain theLoessPlateau,China

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The impact of activated carbon on NO3−‐N, NH4+‐N, P and K leaching in relation to fertilizer use

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil

Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Are Influenced by Host Tree Species on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Effects of soil and climatic factors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere soil underRobinia pseudoacaciain theLoessPlateau,China

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The impact of activated carbon on NO₃⁻‐N, NH₄⁺‐N, P and K leaching in relation to fertilizer use