The impact of adipose tissue-derived factors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

Tsatsanis, Christos; Dermitzaki, Eirini; Avgoustinaki, Pavlina; Malliaraki, Niki; Mytaras, Vasilis; Margioris, Andrew N.

doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1649

Cited by 101 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 105 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As obese women enter menopause, an obvious speculation is that their risk for disease could increase over the presence of either risk factor alone [11]. Obesity and WSD cause an increase in systemic cytokine production that in turn, negatively impacts many functions [12–18]. Notably, obesity and its adjunct cytokines have been linked to depression and neurodegeneration [19–28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of obesogenic diet and estradiol on dorsal raphe gene expression in old female macaques

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The beneficial effects of bioidentical ovarian steroid hormone therapy (HT) during the perimenopause are gaining recognition. However, the positive effects of estrogen (E) plus or minus progesterone (P) administration to ovariectomized (Ovx) lab animals were recognized in multiple systems for years before clinical trials could adequately duplicate the results. Moreover, very large numbers of women are often needed to find statistically significant results in clinical trials of HT; and there are still opposing results being published, especially in neural and cardiovascular systems. One of the obvious differences between human and animal studies is diet. Laboratory animals are fed a diet that is low in fat and refined sugar, but high in micronutrients. In the US, a large portion of the population eats what is known as a “western style diet” or WSD that provides calories from 36% fat, 44% carbohydrates (includes 18.5% sugars) and 18% protein. Unfortunately, obesity and diabetes have reached epidemic proportions and the percentage of obese women in clinical trials may be overlooked. We questioned whether WSD and obesity could decrease the positive neural effects of estradiol (E) in the serotonin system of old macaques that were surgically menopausal. Old ovo-hysterectomized female monkeys were fed WSD for 2.5 years, and treated with placebo, Immediate E (ImE) or Delayed E (DE). Compared to old Ovx macaques on primate chow and treated with placebo or E, the WSD-fed monkeys exhibited greater individual variance and blunted responses to E-treatment in the expression of genes related to serotonin neurotransmission, CRH components in the midbrain, synapse assembly, DNA repair, protein folding, ubiquitylation, transport and neurodegeneration. For many of the genes examined, transcript abundance was lower in WSD-fed than chow-fed monkeys. In summary, an obesogenic diet for 2.5 years in old surgically menopausal macaques blunted or increased variability in E-induced gene expression in the dorsal raphe. These results suggest that with regard to function and viability in the dorsal raphe, HT may not be as beneficial for obese women as normal weight women.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of obesogenic diet and estradiol on dorsal raphe gene expression in old female macaques

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The adipose tissue functions are controlled via the brain, since many neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors and their receptors are expressed in both adipose tissue and the central nervous system (53). Since adipokines influence the central and peripheral hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, adipose tissue is involved in the onset of puberty, the regulation of sexual behavior and fertility, their adaptation to the availability of energy, and the size of fat (3). Leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, omentin-1, chemerin, ghrelin, visfatin, interleukin-6, kisspeptin, and adiponectin belong to the adipokines (57).…”

Section: Metabolic Regulation Of Human Myometrial Function During Prementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A growing number of experiments demonstrate that leptin action on GnRH neurons is mediated by kisspeptin. GnRH neurons express the KISSR1, while Ob-Rb is present in kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus (3). According to this data, obesity can lead to the overexpression of these adipokines, which can lead to pathophysiological changes.…”

Section: Metabolic Regulation Of Human Myometrial Function During Prementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Obesity in pregnancy: a novel concept on the roles of adipokines in uterine contractility

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a global health problem even among pregnant women. Obesity alters quality of labor, such as preterm labor, prolonged labor, and higher oxytocin requirements in pregnant women. The most important factors to play a role in the altered gestational period and serve as drug targets to treat the consequences are female sexual hormones, calcium channels, adrenergic system, oxytocin, and prostaglandins. However, we have limited information about the impact of obesity on the pregnant uterine contractility and gestation time. Adipose tissue, which is the largest endocrine and paracrine organ, especially in obesity, is responsible for the production of adipokines and various cytokines and chemokines, and there are no reliable data available describing the relation between body mass index, glucose intolerance, and adipokines during pregnancy. Recent data suggest that the dysregulation of leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin during pregnancy contributes to gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. A preclinical method for obese pregnancy should be developed to clarify the action of adipokines and assess their impact in obesity. The deeper understanding of the adipokines-induced processes in obese pregnancy may be a step closer to the prevention and therapy of preterm delivery or prolonged pregnancy. Gestational weight gain is one of the factors that could influence the prenatal development, birth weight, and adiposity of newborn.

show abstract

“…The underlying mechanisms involved in systemic inflammation affecting female reproduction are not yet clear, but the hypothalamus seems to be very sensitive to circulating cytokines. For example, in rodents, different immune challenges have been shown to interfere with the luteinizing hormone releasing system at both the hypothalamic and pituitary levels, [11–14]. A series of in vivo studies on ewes exposed to endotoxin has shown that inflammation can disrupt the female reproductive axis by for instance disrupting hypothalamic or pituitary signaling leading to impaired reproductive capacity [15–18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes disrupts the female reproductive cycle without affecting pregnancy outcomes in mice

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is increasing due to a growing use in a variety of products across several industries. Thus, occupational exposure is also of increasing concern, particularly since airway exposure to MWCNTs can induce sustained pulmonary acute phase response and inflammation in experimental animals, which may affect female reproduction. This proof-of-principle study therefore aimed to investigate if lung exposure by intratracheal instillation of the MWCNT NM-400 would affect the estrous cycle and reproductive function in female mice.ResultsEstrous cycle regularity was investigated by comparing vaginal smears before and after exposure to 67 μg of NM-400, whereas reproductive function was analyzed by measuring time to delivery of litters after instillation of 2, 18 or 67 μg of NM-400. Compared to normal estrous cycling determined prior to exposure, exposure to MWCNT significantly prolonged the estrous cycle during which exposure took place, but significantly shortened the estrous cycle immediately after the exposed cycle. No consistent effects were seen on time to delivery of litter or other gestational or litter parameters, such as litter size, sex ratio, implantations and implantation loss.ConclusionLung exposure to MWCNT interfered with estrous cycling. Effects caused by MWCNTs depended on the time of exposure: the estrous stage was particularly sensitive to exposure, as animals exposed during this stage showed a higher incidence of irregular cycling after exposure. Our data indicates that MWCNT exposure may interfere with events leading to ovulation.

show abstract

The impact of adipose tissue-derived factors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

Cited by 101 publications

References 105 publications

Effects of obesogenic diet and estradiol on dorsal raphe gene expression in old female macaques

Effects of obesogenic diet and estradiol on dorsal raphe gene expression in old female macaques

Obesity in pregnancy: a novel concept on the roles of adipokines in uterine contractility

Airway exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes disrupts the female reproductive cycle without affecting pregnancy outcomes in mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About