The Impact of an Ultramarathon on Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters in Men

Kupchak, Brian R.; Kraemer, William J.; Hoffman, Martin D.; Phinney, Stephen D.; Volek, Jeff S.

doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.03.013

Cited by 59 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…More recent literature has suggested that this so called "Exercise-Hypogonadal Male Condition" is limited to those who have been persistently involved in chronic endurance training for an extended period of time (23). This hypothesis has been supported by studies that have taken single blood samples of aerobic athletes around elite competitions, such as the Ironman World Championships (35), the Western States Ultramarathon (43) and Susitna 100 Ultramarathon (39), and found even lower testosterone concentrations than the prior studies that have been mentioned discovered.…”

Section: Chapter 1: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Although this acute rise in testosterone has been demonstrated following aerobic exercise, acute reductions in testosterone have also been shown (39,43).…”

Section: Acute Testosterone Response To Aerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar study, Kupchak et al (43) measured resting testosterone in 12 men prior to running the 100 mile Western States Ultramarathon race. Blood samples were taken immediately following, but also at 1 and 2 days following the race.…”

Section: Acute Testosterone Response To Aerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis And Symptomology Of The Exercise-hypogonodal Male Condition

Hooper

Schill

Sáenz

et al. 2016

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Men that engage in high volumes of long distance running have been previously shown to demonstrate low testosterone concentrations. However, both the cause and the consequences of the condition remain undetermined. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogenesis of the condition as well as to determine whether symptoms that are typically seen in other populations with reduced testosterone are present. 9 men (Age: 36.3 ± 9.2 years; Height: 180.0 ± 8.8 cm; Weight: 77.2 ± 6.8 kg) performing an average of 81 ± 14 km per week of running for the past 12 months (EHMC) were compared to 8 men who served as control (CONT) subjects (Age: 30.8 ± 6.3 years; Height: 176.9 ± 5.2; Weight: 77.3 ± 10.7 kg) performing no regular exercise for the past 12 months. Blood samples were taken every 15 minutes beginning at 08:00 and continuing until 12:00, for a total of 17 blood draws. Blood was analyzed for testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and cortisol (C). Subjects underwent a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to assess bone density and body composition. Subjects also completed the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) questionnaire and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). As expected, T concentrations were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced in the EHMC group compared with CONT at all time points. There were no differences in LH. Dedication My Ph.D. is dedicated to my family. To my parents, Paul and Vanessa who gave me the opportunity and love I needed to pursue my dream. To my sister, Claire, for showing me that a Hooper can go to University. To my wife and children, Stephanie, Jace, Landon and Alexa. You were the inspiration for graduate school and the reason that I made it through. I love you all.

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Section: Chapter 1: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Although this acute rise in testosterone has been demonstrated following aerobic exercise, acute reductions in testosterone have also been shown (39,43).…”

Section: Acute Testosterone Response To Aerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathogenesis And Symptomology Of The Exercise-hypogonodal Male Condition

Hooper

Schill

Sáenz

et al. 2016

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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“…Traditional biochemical indices of muscle damage, such as CK, have also been used in mountain running races, but there are often large variations among studies and between subjects. In this regard, peak CK activity has been reported to be (mean ± standard deviation) 15,775 ± 17,166; (mean) 32,956 (range: 1500-264,300); (mean) 20,484 (range: 11,714-29,253); and (mean ± standard deviation) 3719 ± 3045 IU L − 1 after MTRs of 166 km [36], 161 km [25,30], and 330 km [42], respectively. These differences could be explained by extrinsic factors such as a large variation in the MTR characteristics (i. e., distance and total elevation displacement), environmental factors (i. e., weather and surface conditions), or intrinsic factors such as the general fitness level and the pacing strategy used by runners, especially during downhill running when the eccentric component is exacerbated [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fibre-type-specific and Mitochondrial Biomarkers of Muscle Damage after Mountain Races

et al. 2019

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ABstR AC tConsequences of running mountain races on muscle damage were investigated by analysing serum muscle enzymes and fibre-type-specific sarcomere proteins. We studied 10 trained amateur and 6 highly trained runners who ran a 35 km and 55 km mountain trail race (MTR), respectively. Levels of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB isoform (CK-MB), sarcomeric mitochondrial CK (sMtCK), transaminases (AST and ALT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and fast (FM) and slow myosin (SM) isoforms, were assessed before, 1 h, 24 h and 48 h after the beginning of MTR. Significant SM increases were found at 24 h in the 55 km group. Levels of CK, CK-MB, AST and cTnI were significantly elevated in both groups following MTR, but in the 55 km group they tended to stabilize in at 48 h. Using pooled data, timeindependent serum peaks of SM and CK-MB were significantly correlated. Moreover, concentration of sMtCK was significantly elevated at 1 and 24 h after the race in the 35 km group. Although training volume could confer protection on the mitochondria, the increase in serum CK-MB and SM in the 55 km group might be related to damage to the contractile apparatus type I fibres. Competing in long-distance MTRs might be related to deeper type I muscle fibre damage, even in highly trained individuals

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“…Ultramarathons are foot race competitions that vary from 50 to 1600 km and are performed on various terrains. Tolerating the physiological impact is fairly demanding for ultrarunners, [1][2][3][4][5] and could be more challenging for chronic disease patients. Athletes with diabetes have participated in ultramarathons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic Control and Muscle Damage in 3 Athletes With Type 1 Diabetes During a Successful Performance in a Relay Ultramarathon: A Case Report

Belli

Macedo

Scariot

et al. 2017

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Ultramarathon races are fairly demanding and impose substantial physiological stress on healthy athletes. These competitions may thus be considerably more challenging for individuals with diabetes. This case study aims to describe glycemic control, muscle damage, inflammation, and renal function in 3 athletes with type 1 diabetes during a successful performance in a relay ultramarathon. The team completed the race in 29 hours and 28 minutes, earning third place. The total distance covered by each athlete was 68.7, 84.5, and 65.1 km. Most blood glucose levels showed that athletes were in a zone where it was safe to exercise (90-250 mg/dL or 5.0-13.9 mmol/L). Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels increased 1.2- to 50.7-fold prerace to postrace, and were higher than the reference ranges for all the athletes postrace. Blood leukocytes, neutrophils, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) increased 1.6- to 52-fold prerace to postrace and were higher than the reference ranges for 2 athletes after the race. Serum creatinine increased 1.2-fold prerace to postrace for all the athletes but did not meet the risk criteria for acute kidney injury. In conclusion, our main findings show evidence of satisfactory glycemic control in athletes with type 1 diabetes during a relay ultramarathon. Moreover, elevation of muscle damage and inflammatory biomarkers occurred without affecting renal function and challenging the maintenance of blood glucose among athletes. These findings are novel and provide an initial understanding of the physiological responses in athletes with type 1 diabetes during ultramarathon races.

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The Impact of an Ultramarathon on Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters in Men

Cited by 59 publications

References 75 publications

Pathogenesis And Symptomology Of The Exercise-hypogonodal Male Condition

Pathogenesis And Symptomology Of The Exercise-hypogonodal Male Condition

Fibre-type-specific and Mitochondrial Biomarkers of Muscle Damage after Mountain Races

Glycemic Control and Muscle Damage in 3 Athletes With Type 1 Diabetes During a Successful Performance in a Relay Ultramarathon: A Case Report

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