The Impact of Back Squat and Leg-Press Exercises on Maximal Strength and Speed-Strength Parameters

Wirth, Klaus; Hartmann, Hagen; Sander, Andre; Mickel, Christoph; Szilvas, Elena; Keiner, Michael

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001228

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Strong significant relationships were found between exercise frequency (quantified as the number of compound, free weight exercises completed) and resistance training volume load, and improvements in lower body power and force, and upper body strength (Table 4). While this study is not the first to demonstrate the relationship between volume load and strength (22,23), or the benefits of including free weight compound exercises in resistance training programmes (42), it does provide evidence that resistance training variables can affect the development of physical characteristics in adolescent rugby players.…”

Section: Relationships Between Training Loads and Frequency And Physicamentioning

confidence: 74%

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Strength and Conditioning Practices in Adolescent Rugby Players: Relationship With Changes in Physical Qualities

Weakley

Till

Darrall-Jones

et al. 2019

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Adolescent rugby players benefit from the implementation of resistance training. However resistance training practices and how they influence short-term physical change is unknown.Therefore the purpose of this study was to quantify resistance training practices, evaluate physical development, and relate these changes to resistance training variables across 12-weeks in adolescent rugby union players. Thirty-five male adolescent rugby union players participated in the study with subjects completing an anthropometric and physical testing battery pre-and post-a 12-week in-season mesocycle. Subjects recorded resistance training frequency, exercises, repetitions, load, minutes, and rating of perceived exertion for each session using weekly training diaries during the 12-week period. Paired sample t-tests and Cohen's d effect sizes were used to assess change, while Pearson correlation coefficients assessed relationships between variables. Resistance training practices were variable, while significant (p ≤0.05) improvements in body mass, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, front squat, bench press, and chin up strength were observed. Resistance training volume load had moderate to strong relationships with changes in CMJ (r =0.71), chin up (r =0.73) and bench press (r =0.45). Frequency of upper and lower body compound exercises had significant moderate to large relationships with changes in CMJ (r =0.68), chin up (r =0.65), and bench press (r =0.41). Across a 12-week in-season period, adolescent rugby union players have varying resistance training practices, while anthropometric and physical characteristics appear to improve. Given the observed relationships, increased volume loads through the implementation of free-weight compound exercises could be an effective method for improving physical qualities in young rugby players.Rugby union, resistance training, strength, power

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Section: Relationships Between Training Loads and Frequency And Physicamentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The CV of the three movements utilising the same equipment and the same subjects was reported to be 2.5, 3.7 and 3.7% for the squat, bench press and chin up (42).…”

Section: Three Repetition Maximum (3rm) and Relative Strengthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strength and Conditioning Practices in Adolescent Rugby Players: Relationship With Changes in Physical Qualities

Weakley

Till

Darrall-Jones

et al. 2019

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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show abstract

“…18 For adaptations in muscle strength, multi-articular exercises act integrating the body structures, causing a greater activation of motor units and an intermuscular coordination that can make the transference to daily activities possible 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Neuromuscular Training Protocols on the Functional Capacity of Elderly Women

Resende–Neto

Santos

Silva

et al. 2018

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Several strength training protocols have been tested in the search for systemic adaptations to improve functionality in the elderly. For this purpose, integrated exercises aimed at improving essential movements can be an interesting strategy to improve the performance of activities of the daily living. Objective: To compare the effects of eight weeks of functional training with traditional strength training on the physical fitness of sedentary elderly women. Methods: Thirty-two elderly women were divided into functional training group (FT, n=16) and traditional training group (TT, n=16). For the verification of functional responses, the Senior Fitness Test battery was used, as well as complementary tests of strength and muscular power. The data were analyzed using a 2x2 ANOVA with post hoc Sidak test to verify the differences between the groups. Results: At the end of eight weeks, when compared to TT group, the FT group showed significant increases in balance/ agility variables (p=0.01; +7.6%), lower limbs strength (p=0.04; +15.3%), upper limbs strength (p=0.05; +11.7%), and cardiorespiratory power (p=0.05; +10.7%). However, in relation to flexibility tests and conventional tests of maximum dynamic force and muscular strength, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Both interventions are efficient to improve physical fitness of sedentary elderly women; however, functional training induces better adaptive responses to functionality when compared with traditional training. Level of Evidence I; Randomized clinical trial.

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“…Especificamente, o TF se destaca pelo dinamismo e instabilidade que favorecem o desenvolvimento da agilidade e velocidade, pois estimula de forma eficiente os sistemas de controle postural e músculos estabilizadores da coluna vertebral 19 . Além disso, a realização de exercícios intermitentes com pesos livres podem proporcionar maiores adaptações na força muscular e na composição corporal, por provocarem maior ativação neuromuscular 20 , liberação hormonal 21 e melhor performance funcional 22 quando comparados com atividades convencionais. E no tocante a capacidade cardiorrespiratória, o exercício intermitente de alta intensidade parece promover alterações nos mecanismos metabólicos responsáveis pelo aumento da capacidade de ressintetizar ATP no músculo esquelético pelo metabolismo oxidativo 23. Com relação a DMT, estudos apontam uma associação inversa entra a incidência desse fenômeno com adaptação estruturais e funcionais importantes para manutenção da autonomia do idoso 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Treinamento funcional versus treinamento de força tradicional: efeitos na dor muscular tardia e na aptidão funcional em idosas

Resende–Neto¹,

Santos²,

Aragão-Santos³

et al. 2018

Rev And Med Dep

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Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar um protocolo ensaio clínico randomizado avaliando o efeito dos treinamentos funcional e tradicional na dor, na aptidão física, na composição corporal, na saúde cardiovascular e na qualidade de vida em idosas sedentárias, como também para analisar o comportamento da dor muscular tardia ao longo das intervenções. Método: Ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e cruzado, em indivíduos da terceira idade. As participantes serão subdivididas em três grupos distintos, a saber: grupo 1 - Treinamento funcional; grupo 2 – Treinamento tradicional; e grupo 3 – Alogamentos e praticas de relaxamento. Para análise da dor durante o periodo de intervenção, será utilizado um algômetro e a escala numérica de 11 pontos. Para avaliar a aptidão física, será utilizada a bateria Senior Fitness Test e testes complementares de força dinâmica máxima, isométrica e potência muscular. A composição corporal será avaliada por meio de bioimpedância tetrapolar. Bioquímica sanguínea será utilizada para a determinação das concentrações plasmáticas de glicose e insulina, perfil inflamatório, perfil lipídico e variáveis hemostáticas. A qualidade de vida será avaliada a partir do questionário (Whoqool-bref). Todas as variáveis serão analisadas na linha de base, após 8 e 12 semanas de acompanhamento em cada etapa. Resultados esperados: Antecipamos com este projeto uma possível alteração paradigmática nos modelos vigentes associados às orientações para exercício físico e manejo da dor muscular tardia, com a inclusão de recomendações direcionadas para a funcionalidade do indivíduo. Assim, nossa hipótese é que o Treinamento Funcional causará menor incidência de dor muscular tardia e será mais eficazes nas respostas adaptativas à aptidão funcional em idosas sedentárias. Resumen: Objetivo: Presentar un protocolo de ensayo clínico aleatorizado evaluando el efecto de los entrenamientos funcional y tradicional en el dolor muscular, la aptitud física, en la composición corporal, en la salud cardiovascular y en la calidad de vida en mayores sedentarios, como también para analizar el comportamiento del dolor muscular tardío a lo largo de las intervenciones. Métodos: Ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado y cruzado, en mujeres mayores. Las participantes serán subdivididas en tres grupos distintos, a saber: grupo 1 - Entrenamiento funcional; grupo 2 - Entrenamiento tradicional; y grupo 3 - Estiramientos y prácticas de relajación. Para el análisis del dolor durante el período de intervención, se utilizará un algómetro y la escala numérica de 11 puntos. Para evaluar la aptitud física, se utilizará la batería Senior Fitness Test y pruebas complementarias de fuerza dinámica máxima, isométrica y potencia muscular. La composición corporal será evaluada por medio de bioimpedancia tetrapolar. La bioquímica sanguínea se utilizará para la determinación de las concentraciones plasmáticas de glucosa e insulina, perfil inflamatorio, perfil lipídico y variables hemostáticas. La calidad de vida se evaluará a partir del cuestionario (Whoqool-bref). Todas las variables se analizar en la línea de base, después de 8 y 12 semanas de seguimiento en cada etapa. Resultados esperados: Esperamos que este proyecto con un posible cambio de paradigma en los modelos actuales directrices para el ejercicio y la gestión de los departamentos de ultramar asociados, con la inclusión de recomendaciones dirigidas a la funcionalidad del individuo. Así, nuestra hipótesis es que el Entrenamiento Funcional causará menor incidencia de dolor muscular tardío y será más eficaz en las respuestas adaptativas a la aptitud funcional en ancianas sedentarias. Abstract Objective: To present a randomized clinical trial protocol evaluating the effect of functional and traditional training on muscle pain, physical fitness, body composition, cardiovascular health and quality of life in sedentary elderly women, as well as to analyze the behavior of late muscle pain throughout the interventions. Method: Controlled, randomized, crossover clinical trial in elderly individuals. Participants will be subdivided into three distinct groups, namely: group 1 - Functional training; group 2 - Traditional training; And group 3 - Practices and relaxation practices. To analyze the pain during the intervention period, an algometer and a numerical scale of 11 points will be used. To evaluate the physical fitness, the Senior Fitness Test and complementary tests of maximum dynamic force, isometric and muscular power will be used. The body composition will be evaluated by means of a four-pole bioimpedance. Blood chemistry will be used to determine the plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin, inflammatory profile, lipid profile and hemostatic variables. Quality of life will be assessed from the questionnaire (Whoqool-bref). All variables will be analyzed at the baseline, after 8 and 12 weeks of follow-up at each stage. Expected results: We anticipate with this project a possible paradigmatic change in the current models associated to the guidelines for physical exercise and management of late muscle pain, with the inclusion of recommendations directed to the individual's functionality. Thus, our hypothesis is that Functional Training will cause lower incidence of late muscle pain and will be more effective in the adaptive responses to functional fitness in sedentary elderly women.

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The Impact of Back Squat and Leg-Press Exercises on Maximal Strength and Speed-Strength Parameters

Cited by 57 publications

References 57 publications

Strength and Conditioning Practices in Adolescent Rugby Players: Relationship With Changes in Physical Qualities

Strength and Conditioning Practices in Adolescent Rugby Players: Relationship With Changes in Physical Qualities

Effects of Different Neuromuscular Training Protocols on the Functional Capacity of Elderly Women

Treinamento funcional versus treinamento de força tradicional: efeitos na dor muscular tardia e na aptidão funcional em idosas

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