“…The difficulties of large-scale writing assessment are well documented. While some large educational studies have been undertaken (e.g., Applebee, Langer, Nystrand, & Gamoran, 2003; Haswell, 2000; Langer, 2001; Sommers, 2002; Xue & Meisels, 2004), including in business and technical writing settings (Zhao & Alexander, 2004), correlating specific shifts in pedagogical strategies and techniques with changes in student performance is challenging. In fact, Haswell (2000) concluded that while as far back as in 1963, Kitzhaber started the project of documenting how college students change their writing performance, “since then, it is only fair to say the project has not been much advanced by researchers” (p. 307).…”