The Impact of Catalytic Aftertreatment on Particulate Matter Emissions from Small Motorcycles

Palke, D. R.; Tyo, M. A.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-3299

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is a striking finding, given the fact that PM emissions are only regulated for cars and trucks and not for PTWs. The values reported here are similar to what is found in the literature [13]. However, diesel particulates consist of a significant fraction of soot, while PTWs particulate emissions are expected to consist up to 95% of volatiles [13,14].…”

Section: Gaseous Pollutantssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The values reported here are similar to what is found in the literature [13]. However, diesel particulates consist of a significant fraction of soot, while PTWs particulate emissions are expected to consist up to 95% of volatiles [13,14]. The reasons for high PM emissions from two-stroke engines are primarily the high scavenging losses, which can amount to 15 -40 % of the unburned fresh charge [15], and the addition of the lubricant in the combustion chamber.…”

Section: Gaseous Pollutantssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Particle Emissions Characteristics of Different On-Road Vehicles

Ntziachristos

Giechaskiel

Pistikopoulos

et al. 2003

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Due to the stringent emission standards set worldwide, particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel vehicles have been significantly curtailed in the last decade, and are expected to be reduced even further in the future. This evolution has brought forward two main issues: whether PM emissions should only be regulated for diesel vehicles and whether gasoline powered vehicles can be further neglected from PM emission inventories. This paper addresses these issues comparing the characteristics of particle emissions from a current diesel passenger car, a gasoline one and two small two-wheelers. It is shown that the gasoline car is a negligible source of particle emissions while the two-wheelers may be even more significant particle sources than the diesel car.

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Section: Gaseous Pollutantssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Gaseous Pollutantssupporting

confidence: 87%

Particle Emissions Characteristics of Different On-Road Vehicles

Ntziachristos

Giechaskiel

Pistikopoulos

et al. 2003

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Another promising innovation is a low dosage two-stroke oil developed jointly by the vehicle and oil industries (Malhotra et al, 1997). While oxidation catalysts can reduce PM by 50% (Palke and Tyo, 1999), these catalysts used with the low dosage oil can cause PM to reduce by 95%.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 98%

Two-wheeled motor vehicle technology in India: Evolution, prospects and issues

Iyer¹,

Badami

2007

Energy Policy

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“…Recently, evidence of a high particulate matter concentration in two-wheel vehicles emissions has been reported, particularly from small two-stroke engines (Czerwinski, Comte, Reitimann, & Mayer, 2005;Martini, Bonnel, Krasenbrink, & de Santi, 2003;Palke & Tyo, 1999;Rijkeboer, Bremmers, Samaras, & Ntziachristos, 2005;Santino, Picini, & Martino, 2001). However, limited measurements of PAHs emissions from this class of vehicles are reported in scientific literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Particle-phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Non-catalysed, In-use Four-stroke Scooters

Spezzano

Picini

Cataldi

et al. 2006

Environ Monit Assess

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The emissions of particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated in the exhaust of four (two EURO-0 and two EURO-1) four-stroke engine, in-use scooters with displacement of 150 cc, which were not equipped with catalytic converters. Non-catalysed motorcycles still represent a large proportion of circulating two-wheelers in Italy and, possibly, also in other countries. Tests were performed on a dynamometer bench, using the ECE-40 test cycle procedure. Particulate matter into the exhaust emissions was collected both during the "hot" phase of the ECE-40 driving cycle and including the first two elementary cycles of engine warming-up heating (whole cycle). Fourteen PAHs were quantified and total PAH emission factors (Sigma PAH) ranged from 7 to 169 microg km(-1). Expressed in benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BaP(eq)), emission factors ranged from 0.6 to 18 microg km(-1). Results from the tested scooters show that despite their small engine size, non-catalysed motorcycles can emit amounts of particulate PAHs that can be comparable or even higher than emissions reported elsewhere from gasoline- and diesel-powered passenger cars and light- and heavy-duty vehicles. In countries where a large number of non-catalysed motorcycles are circulating, PAH emissions in urban areas from this class of vehicles might be of the same order of magnitude of emissions from diesel passenger cars.

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The Impact of Catalytic Aftertreatment on Particulate Matter Emissions from Small Motorcycles

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Particle Emissions Characteristics of Different On-Road Vehicles

Particle Emissions Characteristics of Different On-Road Vehicles

Two-wheeled motor vehicle technology in India: Evolution, prospects and issues

Particle-phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Non-catalysed, In-use Four-stroke Scooters

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