The impact of chemical heterogeneity in lead-free (K, Na)NbO3 piezoelectric perovskite: Ferroelectric phase coexistence

Grinding methods effects on the synthesis of Potassium-Sodium Niobate powders by oxide mixing

“…Further, said ceramic host might be doped with rare earth ions, transforming KNN into a multifunctional ceramic with two or more desirable properties, e.g., piezoelectricity and photoluminescence, which make it suitable for manufacturing sensors and actuators [5]. However, the production of 0.5 0.5 3 involves many difficult conditions that include the volatility of alkaline elements, the high influence of stoichiometry on the physical properties, and problems with densification processes [6], [7].…”

“…In spite of those disadvantages, different factors that affect the obtained powders-such as the selection of precursors, the chemical heterogeneity of calcined powder, calcination temperatures, and grain size are still studied and investigated in full detail [7], [10], [11], [12].…”

Influence of oxygen vacancies on core‐shell formation in solid solutions of (Na,Bi)TiO3 and SrTiO3

“…Chemical heterogeneity in the form of core-shell structures can develop in lead-free (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 (NBT)-based and (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN)-based ceramics during a regular solid-state sintering process. 1,2,3,4,5,6 These can have a high impact on electric and ferroelectric properties. Even in pure KNN, core-shell material can form depending on the type of Nb-oxide used as an educt.…”

“…Even in pure KNN, core-shell material can form depending on the type of Nb-oxide used as an educt. 5 In the case of NBT, solid solutions with SrTiO 3 (ST) are especially prone to result in heterogeneous compositions. 7 NBT solid solutions with ST (NBT-ST) are of particular interest for high strain ferroelectric applications.…”

Single-Source Vapor-Deposited Cs2AgBiBr6 Thin Films for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

“…However, two challenging problems still need to be solved, namely, lead toxicity and long-term stability issues, for the commercial application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [4,5]. Therefore, to date, many researchers have given considerable attention to the development of inorganic and/or environmentally friendly Pb-free perovskite materials to obtain highly stable nontoxic PSC devices [6,7]. A commonly applied approach toward Pb-free perovskites is to replace heavy metal Pb 2+ ions with the divalent metal Sn 2+ ions.…”